环境污染强制责任保险有关问题及法治策略

Problems of compulsory liability insurance for environmental pollution and related rule of law strategy

环境污染强制责任保险的试点实践暴露出企业投保积极性不高、保险公司承保困扰多、投保企业存在道德风险和逆选择、政府扶持力度不足等诸多问题。其根本原因在于相关制度安排存在缺陷,立法工作滞后,推进环境污染强制责任保险缺乏足够有效的法律规制。有效治理这些问题应遵循"三个模块"+"四个步骤"的思路完善环境污染强制责任保险法规体系;通过专门立法进一步对其投保主体、承保机构、保险费率和承保范围予以规范,同时建立激励机制、承保风险的区分机制与第三方参与机制。

The practice of environmental pollution compulsory liability insurance exposes many problems,such as lowenthusiasm of enterprise insurance,many problems of insurance company underwriting,moral hazard and adverseselection of insurance companies and insufficient government support.The basic reason lies in the defects of the relevantsystem arrangement,the legislation work lags behind,and the promotion of compulsory liability insurance forenvironmental pollution lacks adequate and effective legal regulation.To solve these problems effectively,we shouldfollow the"three modules"plus"four steps"principle to perfect the environmental pollution liability insurance legalsystem,to regulate the further insured subject,insurance agencies,insurance rates and coverage through the special law,and to establish the incentive mechanism,differentiation mechanism and the third party incentive mechanism.