我国五省(市)小麦粉中重要镰刀菌毒素的污染调查

Natural Occurrence of Important Mycotoxins Produced by Fusarium in Wheat Flour from Five Provinces in China

调查我国安徽省、北京市、河南省、吉林省、山东省五省(市)158份小麦粉中单端孢霉烯族化合物和玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEN)等10种重要镰刀菌毒素的污染情况。样品经乙腈-水(84:16,V:V)提取、Multi Sep 226多功能净化柱净化后,分别以含2 mmol/L甲酸铵的0.1%甲酸-甲醇和含0.1%氨水-乙腈作为电喷雾正离子模式和负离子模式检测小麦粉样品的10种重要镰刀菌毒素。结果显示:我国五省(市)小麦粉易受B类单端孢霉烯族化合物和ZEN的污染。其中B类单端孢霉烯族化合物以脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)的污染最为严重,超出限量标准1 000μg/kg的样品百分比为68%(108/158),阳性样品中DON的平均含量为4 084.8μg/kg;同时还检出3-乙酰基-DON(3-acetyl-DON,3-A-DON)、15-乙酰基-DON(15-acetyl-DON,15-A-DON)及其隐蔽型DON-3-葡萄糖苷(DON-3-glucoside,DON-3-G)。ZEN的超出国家限量标准的百分比为24%(38/158),平均含量为85.8μg/kg。本研究表明我国五省(市)小麦粉受DON和ZEN污染严重,需要加强对其的持续监测。

To elucidate the natural occurrence of10kinds of important mycotoxins produced by Fusarium including trichothecenesand zearalenone(ZEN)in158wheat flour samples collected from five provinces Anhui,Beijing,Henan,Jilin,Shandong.Samples were extracted with acetonitrile-water(84:16,V:V)followed by clean-up with MultiSep226multifunctionalcolumn.The electrospray positive ionization mode(ESI+)and electrospray negative ionization mode(ESI-)wasemployed to acquire the signal and detect the10kinds of important mycotxins produced by Fusarium using the mobilephase for ESI+:0.1%formic acid containing2mmol/L ammonium formate-methanol and ESI-:0.1%ammonia water-acetonitrile.Results show that the wheat flour samples collected from the five provinces in China were easy to be contaminatedby type B trichothecenes and ZEN.DON was the most seriously contaminated type B trichothecenes and the rate forthose higher than the tolerance limit1000m g/kg was68%(108/158)and the average concentration for the positive sampleswas4084.8m g/kg.At the same time,3-acetyl-DON(3-ADON)and15-acetyl-DON(15-ADON)and the maskedmycotoxin DON-3-glucoside(DON-3-G)were also detected in the wheat flour samples.The rate for those higher thanthe tolerance limit60m g/kg was24%(38/158)and the average concentration for positive samples was85.8m g/kg forZEN.The wheat samples collected from five provinces in China were seriously contaminated by DON and ZEN and continuouslymonitoring for these mycotoxins is necessary.