麦秸还田量和还田方式对砂姜黑土地玉米播种出苗质量及光合的影响

Effects of returning amount and way of wheat straw on maize planting and seedling quality and photosynthetic parameters in lime concretion black soil field

为确定适宜的麦秸还田量和还田方式,提高砂姜黑土地小麦秸秆还田效果,以郑单958为试验材料,采用裂区设计,设置2/3秸秆量免耕覆盖(处理1)、2/3秸秆量旋耕(处理2)、2/3秸秆量深耕(处理3)、全量秸秆免耕覆盖(处理4)、全量秸秆旋耕(处理5)和全量秸秆深耕(处理6)处理,研究不同处理对玉米播种出苗质量及光合的影响。结果显示,处理3的出苗数、播种深度及其整齐度、幼苗株高及其整齐度最高,玉米中后期叶面积系数、棒三叶叶面积、叶片叶绿素含量等均极显著(P<0.01)高于其他处理。统计分析表明,在砂姜黑土地,2/3秸秆量下播种玉米的出苗质量和光合指标优于全量还田,同等秸秆量还田条件下,深耕的高于旋耕和免耕覆盖。总体来看,以2/3秸秆量深耕处理还田效果最好,值得在生产上推广。

In order to select the appropriate returning amount and manner of wheat straw in lime concretion black soil,split-plot experiment was conducted with maize Zhengdan958as experimental material,and seedling quality and photosynthetic parameters were measured.The treatments were as follows:no-tillage with2/3straw retention(Treatment1),rotary tillage with2/3straw retention(Treatment2),deep tillage with2/3straw retention(Treatment3),no-tillage with whole quantity straw retention(Treatment4),rotary tillage with whole quantity straw retention(Treatment5)and deep tillage with whole quantity straw retention(Treatment6).It was shown that the seedling number,planting depth and uniformity,the seedling height and uniformity of Treatment3were the highest,of which the photosynthetic parameters such as leaf area index(LAI)at middle and late growth stage and the area of three ear-leaves and chlorophyll content in leaves were significantly(P<0.01)higher than other treatments.Statistical analysis indicated that the seedling quality and photosynthetic parameters of2/3straw retention were higher than those of whole quantity straw retention.Under the same straw retention amount,the seedling quality and photosynthetic pa rameters of deep tillage were higher than those of rotary tillage and no-tillage.In general,deep tillage with2/3straw retention showed the best returning efficiency.