火星尘埃带电荷量测量中法拉第杯参数的设计

THE MAIN PARAMETETER DESIGN OF FARADAY CUP TO MEASURE THE CHARGE OF MARTIAN DUST

大气中的尘埃会影响火星大气气候,通过摩擦和紫外线辐射,火星尘埃很容易带上电荷,带电的尘埃颗粒会悬浮、降落、黏着在航天器表面,甚至可能导致火星大气放电。此外,对尘埃带电荷量的研究有助于了解尘埃本质、起源和天体之间的关系。通过调研火星相关文献,分析国内外关于火星尘埃带电荷量的测量方法,使用斯托克斯沉降公式对火星尘埃沉降速度进行估算,并设计法拉第杯主要参数,为实现火星大气尘埃的带电荷量的原位测量提供理论和技术参考。

Airborne dust is a primary factor influencing climate on Mars.It is highly probable that the particles are charged electro-statically by triboelectrification and by UV irradiation.Electrostatic charge carried by dust particles can play a role in their suspension,settling,and adhesion to spacecraft surfaces.Furthermore,the possiblility for atmospheric discharges on Mars remains an open and important question.The research will be helpful to understand the relationship between the nature,the origin of the dust and the planet.This paper describes the instruments and experiments from laboratory and field tests.It estimates dust deposition velocity through Stokes formula and the Faraday cup is proposed for in situ electrostatic characterization of Martian dust.It provides some theoretical and technical reference for our Mars exploration.