交际语境,守望儿童真实写作的麦田——“交际语境”理念下习作教学的实践研究

Writing Instruction in the Idea of Communicative Context

小学生习作难的重要原因在于习作没有成为儿童学习和生活的真实需要。"交际语境"写作理念认为写作是为了达成特定的交际目的,针对某个话题、面向明确或潜在读者进行的意义建构和书面交流。通过还原话题、角色、对象、目的和方式等语境要素,儿童可以明了"为什么写"和"如何写",进入真实写作的状态,解决动机激活、意识形成、知识学习、习惯养成等问题。小学阶段,"交际语境"理念引领下的习作课堂应该努力做到:灵活选择,确定习作内容;遵循规律,运用交际语境;善于发现,引导知识学习;因势利导,组织交流评价。

The reason for children’s difficulty in writing is that writing is not truly necessary for their learning and lives.The idea of communicative context holds that writing has its specifically communicative objectives and that it is also a kind of meaning construction and written communication with certain topics and readers.Reducing the contextual factors of topic,role,object,aim and style can make children learn about why to write and how to write so that they can be in the state of authentic writing and solve some related problems.As far as primary school students are concerned,the writing classroom instruction under the guidance of communicative context should strive to achieve the following objectives:flexible selection to determine the content of writing,abiding by the laws to apply communicative context,excelling in discovery to direct knowledge acquisition,and making the best use of the circumstances to organize communication and evaluation.