妊娠期相关器官微生物菌群变化研究进展

Research Progress of Microbiome in Related Organs in Pregnancy

妊娠期间,孕妇体内发生了巨大的生理变化以适应胎儿生长发育的需要,其肠道及阴道的微生物菌群构成也发生了相应的变化,这些变化通过影响母体的新陈代谢,进而促进胎儿各脏器的分化、发育及成熟。肠道微生物菌群在妊娠中所发挥的作用是当下最感兴趣的话题之一,有报道称妊娠晚期孕妇出现的体质量增加、胰岛素抵抗与肥胖者的肠道微生物菌群相似。近来,有关妊娠期女性阴道微生物菌群也日益受到关注,与未孕女性相同,乳酸杆菌属亦是妊娠期女性阴道内的优势菌属,但阴道内微生物菌群构成与妊娠结局相关性仍需进一步研究。最近有报道称胎盘同样携带着微生物菌群,胎盘的微生物菌群和早产密切相关,这也提示孕妇体内微生物菌群构成对妊娠来讲至关重要。

Pregnancy is a time of dramatic immune and physiological changes that serve to accommodate the growing fetus.During pregnancy,alterations in the gut and vaginal microbiome populations occur.These alterations might influence the maternal metabolic profile and contribute to the mebabolic and immunological health of the offspring.Recently,the role of gut microbiome in pregnancy has become the subject of considerable interest.It has been reported that the maternal microbiota from the third trimester of normal pregnancy show signs of gain weight and insulin insensitivity similar to those observed in obesity.Lately,the vaginal microbiota of pregnant women become more and more important.The lactobacillus is also dominant in vagina in conception,but the correlation of vaginal microbiota and pregnancy outcome still need investigate furtherly.Further,it has recently become clear that the placenta has a microbiome.The placental microbiome is associated with preterm birth,indicating that the crosstalk between bacterial communities and the pregnant women may be of great importance.