线粒体功能障碍与卵巢衰老

Mitochondrion Dysfunction and Ovarian Aging

线粒体是细胞中能量的供给中心,其功能异常可导致细胞衰老尤其是卵巢的衰老。线粒体是卵母细胞中最重要的细胞器之一,是母体在早期胚胎形成过程中最主要的贡献之一。线粒体功能障碍被视为减数分裂染色体不分离以及胚胎有丝分裂出错的最主要原因,且与卵母细胞质量和胚胎发育潜能下降有密切关系。卵母细胞质量降低表现为减数分裂时期纺锤体的异常、染色体排列错误、端粒缩短以及黏连蛋白缺失,这些因素会增加非整倍体卵母细胞的产生并导致不孕。线粒体DNA(mt DNA)拷贝数可以作为预测卵母细胞质量及胚胎发育潜能的生物学指标,自体同源线粒体移植以及线粒体营养物质的使用可以作为卵巢功能减退及低反应患者的治疗选择。

Mitochondria are centers for cellular energy supply.Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in cellular senescence in general and ovarian aging in particular.Mitochondria are one of the most important organelles in oocytes,which play a key role in early embryo development.Dysfunctional mitochondria is discussed as major factor in predisposition to chromosomal nondisjunction during meiotic division and mitotic errors in embryos,and in reduced quality and developmental potential of aged oocytes and embryos.Oocytes quality reduction is associated with abnormal spindle,chromosome alignment,telomere shortening and absence of fibronectin in meiosis,which could result in aneuploid oocytes and infertility.Mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)copy number is a potential biomarker of oocytes quality and embryo viability.The usage of mitochondrial nutrients and autologous mitochondrial transfer will be a potential treatment for poor ovarian function and response.