市制建立与中国城市现代化的开启——基于20世纪二三十年代武汉(汉口)建市的历史考察

The Establishment of Municipalities and the Modernization of Cities in China —— Based on an Historic Investigation of Wuhan(Hankou)City in the 1920s-1930s

20世纪二三十年代,"市政改革"方兴未艾,现代市制开始建立,武汉(汉口)成为中国最早建立起现代城市政府的城市之一。独立的颇具现代政治形态的市政府的成立,具有现代民主政治意味的市组织条例被批准实行,特别市建制使武汉(汉口)获得了难得的发展条件和发展机遇。武汉(汉口)城市政府"按照现代方式"规划城市空间,以欧美城市为参照大手笔地展开市政建设,将城市管理纳入制度化、规范化轨道,致力于市民城市共同体意识和城市生活习惯的养成。然而由于传统社会运行的强大惰性和惯性,现代城市化运动的动力先天不足,使得武汉(汉口)城市现代化运动虽精彩启幕,却一路坎坷,蹒跚前行。

During the 1920s-1930 s period,the 'municipal reform' was unfolding and municipalities were taking shapeand Wuhan(Hankou)became one of the earliest cities in China that had established a modern urban government. The es-tablishment of the independent municipal government in the modern political form,the approval of the municipal organi-zational regulations with modern democratic significance,and the municipality system in particular gave Wuhan(Hank-ou)valuable conditions and opportunities for development. The Wuhan(Hankou)government planned the city space 'ina modern manner',started a large scale of urban construction modeling European and American cities,attempted to sys-temize and regularize city management,and was committed to enhancing the common awareness of citizens and develop-ing an urban living habit. Due to the strong inertia of the traditional social operation,the modern urbanization campaignlacked a motive force. Consequently the urban modernization drive in Wuhan(Hankou)proceeded slowly with difficul-ties,the beginning was encouraging,though.