城镇化推进中的农村社区教育:类型分析与行动选择

The Education of Rural Community in the Promotion of Urbanization:the Analysis of Type and the Choice of Action

农村社区教育主要存在政府主导、学校主导与自主生长三种类型。政府主导型凭借政府的行政优势与巨大的集体行动力量,有利于重建现代农村的信仰、蓝图与公平,但它难以深入个体灵魂与乡土文化领域,从而易演变为行政的附属物。学校主导型利用学校的教育资源优势,使农村社区教育富有现代意义,但它缺乏必要的社会心理与文化根基,难以承担农村社区教育的全部职能。自主生长型尊重个体的生命活力与基层的自组织性,从而使其具有民族性、多元性与乡土性文化底色,但它不易跟上现代文化的时代节奏,难以形成一个现代农村学习组织。"自主—学校—社会"整合类型,试图聚焦诸类型的优势,凝聚政治的、生命的与文化的合力,创造一个自主、科学与联动的学习共同体。其行动选择是:采用立足基层、尊重乡土、满足需要的策略,启动基层的自组织力量;以小学为基地布局农村社区教育,整合社区内所有教育资源;以法律的形式界定政府的责任,包括提供条件保障、咨询与情报服务、持续性支持与监督等。

The education of rural community mainly exists in three types:government leading,school leading and autonomous growth.With the government’s administrative advantages and great collective action,the government leading type is conducive to the reconstruction of the faith,blueprint and fairness of the modern countryside.But it is difficult to penetrate into the individual soul and local culture field,thus it is easy to evolve into administrative appendages.The school leading type uses the advantage resources of school education to make the education of rural community rich in modern significance,but it lacks the necessary social psychology and cultural foundation to undertake the whole functions of the education of rural community.The independent growth model respects the vitality of the individual and the self-organization of the grass roots,so it has national,pluralistic and local cultural background color.But it is not easy to keep up with the rhythm of modern culture and is difficult to form a modern rural learning organization.The integration type of“autonomous,school and society”tries to focus on the advantages of various types,to unite the political,life and cultural forces,and to create an autonomous,scientific and interactive learning community.The choice of its action is:to take a strategy based on the grassroots,respecting the local and meeting the needs in order to start the grass-roots self-organizing strength;to take primary schools as the base and layout rural community education in order to integrate all educational resources in the community;to define the government’s responsibilities in the form of law,including the provision of conditional security,the advisory and intelligence services,the continuous support and supervision,etc.