聚合物纳米复合电介质的击穿性能

Dielectric Breakdown of Polymer Nanocomposites

聚合物纳米复合电介质作为第三代绝缘材料表现出优异的电气特性,其中击穿是纳米复合电介质的关键性能之一。很多研究表明纳米复合电介质的击穿性能明显优于纯聚合物和微米复合电介质材料。针对第一代纳米复合电介质的国内外研究现状,综述了其击穿性能(包括体击穿和沿面闪络特性),讨论了纳米复合电介质击穿特性改善的机理。基于国内外研究现状和本课题组的研究积累,提出了自由体积对聚合物纳米复合电介质击穿的重要影响,指出了纳米粒子对聚合物基体自由体积参数的影响规律;研究了电荷输运微观过程对纳米复合电介质击穿的影响机制,阐述了陷阱参数与体击穿和沿面闪络性能的关系;总结了纳米改性与复合材料体和表面电荷输运参数调控的关联,指出了纳米掺杂同时改善聚合物介质体击穿和沿面闪络特性的机理。

As the third generation insulating materials,polymer nanocomposites exhibit superior electrical performance.The breakdown is one of the key properties in polymer nanocomposites.Many researches have reported that the breakdown characteristics of nanocomposites are superior to the neat polymer and its micro-composites.This paper summarizes the breakdown performance of the first generation polymer nanocomposites,including the bulk breakdown and the surface flashover.The mechanisms of breakdown improvements in nanocomposites are also discussed.Based on the domestic and overseas research status as well as the relative research work in our group,the influencing mechanisms of free volume and charge transport on the breakdown in nanocomposites were proposed.The relationships between trap and breakdown strength or surface flashover voltage are elaborated.After that,it is pointed out that incorporating of nanofillers can tailor the bulk and surface charge transport parameters,and hence improve the bulk breakdown and the surface flashover performances.Finally,further development of the second generation nanocomposites in future was briefly introduced.