永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制技术研究综述

Position-Sensorless Control Technology of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor-a Review

永磁同步电机具有功率密度高、转矩惯量比大、动态响应速度快的优点,在大功率交流传动领域具有明显的优势。对永磁同步电机的高性能控制依赖于精确的转子位置信息,然而通常使用的光电编码器和旋转变压器等机械式位置传感器成本高、体积大、抗干扰能力差,限制了永磁同步电机的推广应用,无位置传感器控制技术是解决这一问题的重要途径。本文对永磁同步电机的无位置传感器控制技术进行了综述,从转子初始位置检测、低速与零速运行控制、中高速运行控制和全转速范围运行控制四个方面对永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制技术进行了深入阐述和对比分析。最后,对永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制技术的发展趋势进行了展望。

Permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)has the advantages of high power density,high torque-to-inertia ratio and good dynamic performance.It has clear superiority in high power AC drives.Accurate rotor position information is necessary to achieve high performance control of PMSM.But the mechanical position sensors,like encoder and resolver,are expensive,bulky and sensitive to environment.It restricts the wide application of PMSM.The position-sensorless control is a promising approach to solve such restrictions.Position-sensorless control of PMSM is reviewed in this paper.Position-sensorless control methods of PMSM are described and comparatively analyzed from four aspects:rotor initial position detection,operation at low and zero speed,operation at middle and high speed,and operation at full speed range.At last,the development trend of position-sensorless control technology of PMSM is forecasted.