质子交换膜燃料电池冷启动研究进展

Research progress of cold start of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)具有工作温度低、启动停机快、能量密度高等优点、在移动电源、车辆等设备方面具有很好的应用前景。但是,目前仍存在很多亟待解决的问题,如制造成本、电池寿命、冷启动能力等,制约着PEMFC的商业化进程。其中,燃料电池的冷启动能力是其实际应用中必须面临的重要课题,因此本文从多个方面对PEMFC冷启动的研究进展进行概述,包括PEMFC的冰冻机理、冷启动过程中水热传输特性及可视化研究。分析表明,电池的具体结冰位置还没有统一的定论;冷启动过程中冰的形成确实破坏了膜电极组件,缩短了电池寿命;可视化的研究方法在水管理方面得到了广泛应用,为改善电池内部的水分布提供了更直观的依据;基于电极材料和电池结构的水热管理或许是未来的研究热点。

The proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFC)has the advantages of low operating temperature,quick start-up and shutdown,and high energy density.It has a good application prospect in mobile power supply,vehicle and other equipment.However,there are still many problems to be solved,such as manufacturing cost,battery life,and cold start ability,which restrict the commercialization of PEMFC.Among them,the cold start capability of fuel cell is an important subject for commercial applications.This paper summarized the research progress of PEMFC cold start from several aspects,including the freezing mechanism of PEMFC,hydrothermal transmission characteristics during cold start,and visualization studies.The results showed that there was no definitive conclusion on the specific icing location of the battery.The ice formation during the cold start did destroy the membrane electrode assembly and shorten the battery life.The visualized research method has been widely used in water management.And the internal water distribution provided a more intuitive basis.The hydrothermal management based on the electrode material and the cell structure may draw more attnetions in the future.