“就近入学”下的住宅价格分析——学区房中的教育资本化问题

Analysis of Housing Price under the Policy of“Admission into the Nearest School”——the problem of educational capitalization in the school district housing

"就近入学"政策下,优质教育资源的稀缺性和不均衡性倒逼大众"以房择校"。利用天津市13个区3976个楼盘的69001套住宅数据,构建特征价格模型,考察教育资源对学区房价格的溢价效应。在控制住房特征、楼盘特征、社区特征和行政特征后,实证结果表明:第一,教育资本化已经成为基础教育的普遍现象,各类学校对住宅均存在溢价效应;第二,教育资本化存在显著的马太效应,即优质教育资源的溢价十分明显,且重点中学溢出效应大于重点小学,而普通教育资源溢价效应微弱;第三,区域间住宅价格差异主要来源于重点学校学区房价格差异;第四,户型与学区房溢价幅度、房价区域差异呈负相关关系。"就近入学"政策下,机会公平并不能保证质量公平,教育资本化问题只是使不公平形式更隐蔽,而没有从根本上解决教育的公平性问题。

Under the policy of“admission into the nearest school”,the scarcity of high qualityeducation resources force the public to buy the house in order to select some school,and many citieswitness the unbelievable price of school district housing.This passage uses the690001housing pricefrom the13districts in Tianjin city,building the Hedonic Price Model to analyze the the pricepremium of school district housing.We find that,firstly,educational capitalization has already beencommon in the basic education,and all levels of school have some premium effect to some extent.Secondly,educational capitalization has obvious Matthew Effect.While the high quality education’spremium effect is very remarkable and the key middle school’s premium effect is higher than the keyprimary school,the general education’s effect is very weak.Thirdly,the price variance betweenareas mainly comes from the price variance in the area of key school.Fourthly,there is negativecorrelation between the housing’s size and the premium and regional price variance.So,under thepolicy of the policy of“admission into the nearest school”,educational capitalization only makesthe form of unfair more hidden,rather than resolves the problem fundamentally.In order to solve theproblem of educational capitalization,we should make the education resource standardization and soon to deduce the regional disparity.