“大跃进”时期内蒙古“大炼钢铁”运动述评

A Review of the Iron and Steel Making Movement in Inner Mongolia

在"大跃进"的浪潮中,包头钢铁公司(简称包钢)掀起了"大炼钢铁"运动的热潮,在反浪费运动中包钢被动修改了原始设计,富矿直接入炉,提前出铁;在"以钢为纲"的带动下,内蒙古各地区掀起"土法炼钢"的高潮,"大中小"包钢强行上马,全区中小高炉遍地开花,以包钢为中心的内蒙古大炼钢铁运动局面形成。这一期间在全国支援包钢的情况下,包钢也开展了一系列自力更生的技术创新活动,带动了内蒙古工业的发展。通过当地报刊、馆藏档案资料及当事人的一些回忆录,文章对包钢及内蒙古"大炼钢铁"运动这一史实进行了梳理。这场运动促成了包钢的建成,奠定了内蒙古工业大发展的基础,但急功近利的指导思想违背了钢铁工业的发展规律,一系列技术决策的失误致使包钢等钢铁企业遭受了重大挫折。

Baotou Iron and Steel Corp(referred to as Baotou Steel)set off the boom of“Steel Making”movement in the“Great Leap Forward”period.In the anti-waste movement,Baotou Steel passively modified the original design,let rich ore directly going into the furnace,completed advance tapping iron;Driven by“Taking Steel as the Key Link”,the Inner Mongolia started“soil law steel”climax,“Large medium and small”Baotou Steel was forced to launch,the region’s small blast furnaces blossomed everywhere,the situation of Inner Mongolia“Steel Making”movement which cantered on Baotou Steel formed.This article combs the history of“Steel Making”in Baotou Steel and Inner Mongolia through local newspapers,collections,archives and some of the party’s memoirs.This movement led to the completion of Baotou Steel and laid the foundation for the great development of Inner Mongolia industry.However,the guiding ideology of“quick success and instant benefit”violated the development law of iron and steel industry avrd a series of technical decision-making failures led to a major setback for the steel industry,such as Baotou steel.