基于COP偏移量的敲帮问顶作业人员跌落风险研究

Falling Risk of Drilling Operation Personnel Based on COP Migration in Knock on Top

在地下洞室钻爆法施工中,一般采用高空台车作为作业支持系统进行钻孔。作业人员上架、敲帮问顶、移钻、开孔等过程中,有从高空台车上跌落的风险。为探究钻孔作业大幅度动作使得人体失去平衡而跌落的风险机理,借鉴Gilbreth基本动作要素理论,以敲帮问顶作业的动作要素为研究对象,运用3DSSPP工效学系统建立动作要素模型,并模拟典型动作要素状态,分析不同身体状态和用力共同影响下的压力中心(COP)偏移位置。结果表明:躯干水平夹角较大时,COP偏移量与用力大小成正比;躯干水平夹角较小时,COP偏移量与用力大小先成反比,后成正比,且存在区间极小值。当用力增加到一定程度并保持恒定时,躯干水平夹角越大,COP偏移量也越大,二者呈线性正比关系。研究成果能为地下洞室敲帮问顶作业人员的安全防护用具选用提供人体力学依据,也能为生产厂家根据作业情景来确定防护用具参数提供重要参考。

In the construction of drilling and blasting method for underground caverns,the aerial trolley is generally used as the support system for drilling.Operators who is climbing the shelves,wall tapping and roof sounding,shifting drill,and opening hole face a risk of falling from the height of the trolley.For finding out mechanism of falling risk resulted from a greater range of motion to lose balance in a case study on wall tapping and roof sounding,the paper refers to the Gilbreth’s basic elements theory to use3DSSPP software of University of Michigan,and establishes model of action element modules to analyses center of pressure(COP)offset position.The results show that when the horizontal angle of trunk is large,the COP offset is proportional to the size of the force;the horizontal angle of the trunk is relatively small,and the COP offset is inversely proportional to the size of the force.When the force increases to a certain degree and remains constant,the horizontal angle of the trunk and the COP offset show the linear proportional relationship.The research results can provide the theoretical basis for the safety and protection of the individual safety protection for the underground excavation operators,and can also provide important reference for the manufacturer to determine the parameters of the protective equipment according to the operation situation.