我国北方高酸苹果综合品质评价

Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of High-Acid Apples in the North of China

为了推动高酸苹果基地合理规划,提高产业竞争力,对我国北方高酸苹果综合品质进行了定量综合评价。基于2011—2014年我国8省区多点采样检验资料,采用层次分析法和K-均值聚类分析方法,综合高酸苹果榨汁和鲜食两种用途,将可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、VC含量、出汁率等主要品质因子根据生理品质、物理品质和外观品质分为3类,构建了高酸苹果品质评价指标和评价体系,对各地高酸苹果综合品质进行了评价。结果表明,我国宁夏、辽宁两省区采样点上高酸苹果综合评价等级较高,品质相对较好,陕西、河南两省采样区域高酸苹果品质不稳定,甘肃、山西和山东等省采样点上多数年份高酸苹果综合评价等级偏低,品质一般。2011—2012年各地高酸苹果品质多为良好,2013—2014年各地苹果品质则不稳定。所构建的评价体系能够反映高酸苹果品质地域和年际间的波动,评价结果可为高酸苹果产区结构调整和苹果果汁企业发展提供参考。

Quantitative comprehensive quality evaluation of high-acid apple is important to promote the rational planning of apple producing bases and industrial competitiveness.The overall quality of high-acid apples collected from different growing areas in8provinces in northern China from the year2011to2014was quantitatively evaluated.Taking into account that high-acid apple is consumed as a fresh fruit or as a juice,the main quality factors,including titratable acidity,soluble solids content,vitamin C content and juice yield,were divided to three categories:physiological,physical and appearance quality using the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)and K-means cluster analysis.A system to evaluate the overall quality of high-acid apple based on the selected indicators was established.The results showed that the quality of high-acid apples was relatively higher from Ningxia and Liaoning provinces;the quality of high-acid apples was varied from Shaanxi and Hennan provinces and was general from Gansu,Shanxi and Shandong provinces.The quality of most high-acid apples was good during2011-2012and varied during2013-2014.The developed evaluation system could reflect the regional and inter-annual quality fluctuations of high-acid apple and the evaluation results could provide references for the structural adjustment of high-acid apple producing areas and the development of apple juice enterprises.