超声波辅助稀碱水解法提取金鲳鱼骨油的工艺优化与脂肪酸组成分析

Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Dilute Alkali Extraction of Trachinotus ovatus Bone Oil and Analysis of Its Fatty Acid Composition

以金鲳鱼骨为原料,在对金鲳鱼骨中主要营养成分(水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分)进行分析检测的基础上,利用单因素与正交试验相结合的方法优化金鲳鱼骨油稀碱水解(超声波辅助)法的提取工艺,并采用气相色谱-质谱法对最佳提取工艺所得的金鲳鱼骨油的脂肪酸组成进行测定分析,评价其营养价值。结果表明,金鲳鱼骨中水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白和粗灰分质量分数分别为50.20%、29.97%、12.00%和7.63%。影响金鲳鱼骨油提取率的4个主要因素为液料比、p H值、提取温度和提取时间。当液料比为4∶1(m L/g)、p H 9、提取温度60℃、提取时间30 min、超声功率500 W时,金鲳鱼骨油的提取率为80.51%,该条件为稀碱水解(超声波辅助)法提取金鲳鱼骨油的最佳工艺参数。采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对金鲳鱼骨油的脂肪酸进行定性、定量分析可知:金鲳鱼骨油中不饱和脂肪酸含量(68.44%)显著高于饱和脂肪酸含量(31.56%);单不饱和脂肪酸总量(37.99%)高于多不饱和脂肪酸总量(30.45%);其中油酸(27.86%)和棕榈酸(21.46%)含量最高,富含亚油酸、二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸。金鲳鱼骨作为鱼类下脚料营养丰富,具有良好保健作用和经济价值,颇具开发利用前景。

In this study,the main nutritional components(moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash contents)of Trachinotus ovatus bone was firstly determined,and then the optimization of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of T.ovatus bone oil using dilute alkali as the extraction solvent was investigated using one-factor-at-a-time and orthogonal array design methods.The fatty acid composition of the fish bone oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)in order to evaluate its nutritional value.The results indicated that the moisture,crude fat,crude protein and ash contents of T.ovatus bone were50.20%,29.97%,12.00%and7.63%,respectively.Solvent-to-solid ratio,pH,hydrolysis temperature and hydrolysis time were identified as important factors that affected the extraction efficiency.The maximum oil yield of80.51%was achieved after30min extraction at60℃and pH9with a solvent-to-solid ratio of4:1(mL/g)under the condition of500W power.The qualitative and quantitative analysis indicated that the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the oil was68.44%,which was much higher than the content of saturated fatty acids(31.56%).Moreover,the content of monounsaturated fatty acids(37.99%)was higher than the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids(30.45%).Oleic acid(27.86%)and cetylic acid(21.46%)were the most dominant among the identified fatty acids.Additionally,the oil was rich in oleic acid,eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA).It was indicated that T.ovatus bone as a fish processing waste was rich in nutrients,and had health benefits and economic value,thereby being worthy of exploitation and utilization.