海滨、森林环境中空气负离子分布特征及其与环境因子的关系

Characteristics of Air Anion Distribution in Beach and Forest Environment and the Correlation between Air Anion and the Environmental Factors

利用连续7年北戴河空气负离子观测实验数据,分别以气象站、金山嘴和联峰山测点代表城市绿化区、海滨、森林等生态环境。绘制空气负离子浓度变化曲线,分析空气负离子浓度与气候要素和大气污染物的相关性,并进行显著性检验。本研究旨在了解北戴河空气负离子分布特征及其与环境因子的关系,为当地的环境保护、为劳模疗养和旅游资源开发提供科学数据。研究结果,(1)空气负离子浓度年际变化起伏不大,7年的平均值为1 730 ind?cm^(-3),最高年份与最低年份相差535ind?cm^(-3)。(2)空气负离子浓度月变化中,8月份平均离子浓度为7 785 ind?cm^(-3),为全年最高,1月份为365 ind?cm^(-3),为全年最低。在空气负离子空间分布上,海边和森林空气负离子浓度明显偏高,海滨的年平均值为3 902 ind?cm^(-3),森林年平均值为5 403 ind?cm^(-3)。(3)按季节统计空气负离子浓度日变化,其特点是白天浓度明显小于夜间,最高值出现在夜间或早晨,最低值出现在中午到下午之间。(4)年际空气负离子浓度与年雨日数、年总降雨量、年雷暴日数、年平均相对湿度呈正相关;与年平均气温、年日照时数呈负相关,但空气负离子浓度年均值与气象要素年均值的相关性检验不显著。(5)空气负离子浓度与细颗粒物PM_(2.5)浓度呈负相关;与细颗粒物中的二氧化氮、二氧化硫、一氧化碳浓度呈负相关,而与臭氧浓度呈正相关,并通过显著性检验。(6)大气放电(雷雨)可以产生数量巨大的空气负离子。

Using data for seven years fromthe observation of air anion in Beidaihe,by choosing the meteorological observation,Jinshanzui and Lianfengshan as the typical example of the different ecological environment,this is,the so-called,representative ofthe urban green space,the beach and the forest.making some line charts of air anion mass concentration,getting some tables on thecorrelation coefficient which can reflect the relationships between air anionand climate elements and main pollutants.And thesignificance test must also be done.Doing this,in order to understand the characteristics of air anion distribution,to find out thecorrellation between air anion and environmental factors in Beidaihe,so,some scientific data can be provide for the environmentalprotection,the physical rehabilitation of model worker and the development of tourism resources.The results of the study have thefollowing several aspects,(1)Annual average of air anion mass concentration is1730ind?cm-3in seven years,and there are a fewsmall difference on the average value of air anion mass concentration,its highest value is535ind?cm-3more than its lowest value.(2)As for the change on the monthly average of air anion mass concentration in a year,its highest value is7785ind·cm-3in August,itslowest value is365ind?cm-3in January.On the spatial distribution of air anion mass concentration,it is obviously more thanelsewhere in beach and forest,the annual average is3902ind?cm-3in beach,it is5403ind?cm-3in forest.(3)According to the diurnalvariation of anion distribution in the four seasons,its mass concentration in the daytime is less than nighttime,the peak value of dailyvariation appeared at night or in the morning,and the lowest was at noon or in the afternoon.(4)Using year as the unit of time scale,there is the positive correlation between air anion mass concentration and annual rainfall day,annual total precipitation,annualthunderstorm day,annual average relative humidity.The negative correlation is between air anion mass concentration and annualaverage temperature,annual sunshine hours,but there is no significant correlation between annual average of air anion massconcentration and annual number of meteorological elements.(5)The mass concentration of air anion and the mass concentrations ofPM2.5is negative correlated,also being negative correlated between air anion and pollutants,such as nitrogen dioxide,sulfur dioxide,carbon monoxide,but one positive correlation coefficient is between anion and the ozone,and all of them passes the significance test.And(6)lightning can generates a huge amount of air anion.