锰污染土壤修复研究现状与展望

A Review and Perspective on Remediation of Manganese Contaminated Soil Research

锰是生物体的必需微量元素,但是过量的锰会对生物体的生命代谢活动造成极大损害。土壤的锰污染被认为是酸性土壤的第二限制因素,因此,如何对锰污染土壤进行修复已成为当前农业生产发展亟需解决的重要问题。文章概括性地介绍了土壤锰污染对动植物和人体的潜在危害,同时简要回顾了国内外在锰污染土壤修复方面的研究动态,重点阐述了锰污染土壤的植物修复和微生物修复研究进展,简单介绍了土壤锰污染的其他修复技术,并在此基础上提出了土壤锰污染修复今后的发展趋势。随着公众环保意识的增强,生物修复由于绿色环保而具有很大的应用前景。但是,目前已发现的锰超富集植物及抗锰微生物资源极为缺乏,土壤动物在锰污染土壤修复中的应用也并不多见,基于此,作者认为未来应加大对锰超富集植物和抗锰微生物资源的开发力度,利用超富集植物、土壤微生物、土壤动物进行联合修复,并结合适当的土壤耕作管理措施等构建锰污染土壤的多维修复体系,实现锰污染土壤的绿色修复,以期为锰污染土壤修复提供参考依据,为食物质量安全提供保障。

As well known,manganese(Mn)is considered as an essential trace element.However,the effect of high concentration ofMn in organisms on metabolism of life is harmful.Meanwhile,excessive manganese in soils is toxic,which is considered as thesecond limiting factor of plant growth in acid soils.Mn has been enriched in soils due to atmospheric inputs from industrial sourcesrelated to iron smelting,steel production,and coal combustion.Currently,remediation of the Mn contaminated soil has become theurgent problem for sustainable agriculture.In this paper,the effects caused by Mn contamination were briefly summarized,andhistory and development of the remediation of Mn contaminated soil research were also reviewed,especially for phytoremediationand microbial remediation.Meanwhile,the other techniques for remediation of Mn contaminated soil were briefly introduced.What’s more,based on these,we pointed out some issues on remediation of Mn contaminated soil that should be addressed for a fewyears to come.With a rise in environmental consciousness,the bioremediation has become more and more popular and has a greatapplication prospect.However,the plants and microorganisims,which have been identified as Mn hyperaccumulators or Mn-resistantmicroorganisms,are extremely scarce until now.Therefore,we propose that the species resource of Mn hyperaccumulators andMn-resistant microorganisms should be explored vigorously,and the combined remediation systems of manganesehyperaccumulator,Mn-reistant microorganism and soil fauna should be structured.What’s more,soil tillage management measuresshould be considered into the multidimensional remediation systems for remediation of Mn contaminated soils.The objectives ofmultidimensional remediation systems are to provide the scientific basis and repair approaches for the remediation of Mncontaminated soils,and ultimately obtain safe and healthy food.