从田小娥形象看陈忠实对宗族文化总体性的拷问

Understanding Zhongshi Chen's Question of the Lineage Culture Viewed from the Image of Xiao'e Tian

田小娥是陈忠实构思《白鹿原》首先"跳出"的人物形象。作者一方面同情田小娥"原欲"的抗争性和悲剧性,以"反向写作"回应县志中"贞妇烈女的事迹和名字";一方面通过鹿三、白嘉轩、高玉凤,实现对田小娥的纵深"否定"。这种矛盾心态与挖掘"民族秘史"的写作目的相互作用,使田小娥形象形成四种基本内涵:被歧视的"工具"(弱女)、大胆追求感性快乐的情感主体(欲女)、具有牺牲精神的复仇女性(仇女)、母性未泯的关怀者(凡女)。田小娥内心渴望被宗族文化认可、接纳,但实际行动与宗族文化渐行渐远,如果以田小娥为观测点,《白鹿原》中诸多人物(尤其是女性形象),又获得一种生动而深沉的寓意。陈忠实借助这一形象,直面宗族文化,进而对中国传统文化总体性进行拷问。

Xiao’e Tian is the first characterjumped in Mr.Zhongshi Chen’s mind when he was conceiving the story of White Deer Plain.On the one hand,the author sympathizes the resistanceand tragedy of Tian’s libido as a response to the deeds and names of chaste women recorded in county annals.On the other hand,he denies Tian through three characters:San Lu,Jiaxuan Bai and Yufeng Gao.With the interaction of this ambivalence mentioned above and the author’spurpose to explore the national secret history,the connotation of Tian’s image forms four fundamental dimensions:an‘instrument’which is discriminated(weak woman),anemotional agent pursuing sensual pleasure in a bold way(sexpot),a revenge woman with the spirit of sacrifice(revenge woman),and a caregiver with motherhood(ordinary woman).Although Tian wants to be accepted by the lineage culture,her actions drove her nowhere near it.If we see the characters(especially the female characters)in White Deer Plain from the perspective of Tian,we’ll find vivid and deep meanings in them.By creating the character Tian,Mr.Chen confronts the lineage culture,and then questions the Chinese traditional culture and its modern operating mechanism in totality.