同义词的衍生及对汉语词汇发展的影响——以早期(魏晋)天师道文献为例

The Synonyms for Derivative and the Influence on the Development of Chinese Vocabulary: as Cased by the Tianshi Daoist Literature in the Early Wei and Jin Dynasties

用描写的方法,对魏晋天师道文献中的同义词作了考查。在共时层面上,发现了包含3451个词项的861组同义词,其中最少的为两个词构成的同义聚合,最大的为52个词构成的同义聚合,同义组的数量,随各组成员的增加而递减。而从历时的角度看,同义现象中旧质与新质的比例大致为3:1,反映了词汇在继承和创新中的平衡关系。

The paper examines descriptively the synonyms in the Tianshi Daoist literatures of the Wei and Jin Dynasties and finds that from the synchronic perspective,861groups of synonyms among3451words are contained in them.Among these synonym aggregations,the minimum word number is two and the maximum is52words.The number of synonym aggregations decreases with the increase of each group member.From the diachronic perspective,the old words and the new words ratio in the synonymies is approximately3:1,reflecting the balance in the inheritance and innovation of vocabulary.