国家公园体系规划的国际经验及对中国的启示

International Experiences on National Park System Planning and Their Enlightenment for China

中国共产党十八届三中全会提出"建立国家公园体制",其中,如何在国家层面进行国家公园的空间布局,并体现类型之间的平衡,密切关系到最具国家代表性的和最壮美的景观以及顶级遗产地能否得到切实保护。为此,针对我国国情,在全球范围内选取了美国、巴西、南非、新西兰、德国和俄罗斯6个具有代表性的国家,通过对其国家公园体系规划进行对比分析,总结适用经验和教训并提出以下建议:1)中国的国家公园体系规划可分为自然生态系统和历史文化遗迹两大类;2)制定中国国家公园的宏观规划,优化空间布局,参照国际经验,建立总面积约30万~80万km^2的国家公园较为适宜。

The third Plenary Session of the eighteenth Communist Party of China(CPC)put forward the"establishment of the national park system",in which issues of how to develop the spatial layout and balance types of national parks at the national level,are closely related to whether Chinese representative and most magnificent landscapes and top heritage sites can be given the prioritized protection.In line with the Chinese context,the study looked into six representative countries across the globe:the United States,Brazil,South Africa,New Zealand,Germany and Russia,through comparative analysis of their national park system planning,before it concluded with a summary of applicable practices and lessons together with the following recommendations:1)China's national park system planning can be divided into natural ecosystem&historic and cultural sites;2)Develop macro-planning for China's national parks,optimize the spatial layout,and establish national parks of300-800thousand square kilometers.