校园景观对局地热环境影响研究

Influence of Campus Landscape on Local Thermal Environment

热环境设计是校园生态设计的重要内容,直接影响校园环境的舒适性与安全性,对于南方炎热地区更为重要。目前对校园景观更多从空间形式、行为心理等角度进行研究,而忽略景观类型选择与局地热环境的关系。通过在夏季典型日对校园不同景观下垫面周围热环境参数进行测试,定量分析草地、乔木、水体、花岗石铺地、透水砖铺地对环境的热效应,结果表明透水砖在连续晴天状态下并不具有蒸发降温功效,草地和水体对环境具有显著的降温增湿效应,能降低环境温度1.3~3.3℃,增加湿度10%,乔木的遮阳效果是改善热环境最有效的措施,能降低环境温度达4℃,对局地环境的热作用时长不到硬质铺地的1/3。

Thermal environment design is an important part of the campus ecological design in southern hot area,which directly affects the comfort and security of campus environment,and the study of campus landscape mostly takes the view of space style and behavior and ignores the effect of landscape types on microclimate.This paper takes thermal environment parameters test around various landscape styles which include grass,trees,water,granite floor,permeable brick floor in the summer day,and quantitative analyses have been carried out to assess the heat impact on environment.The results showed that permeable brick do not have evaporative cooling effect after successive sunny days,grassland and water body have significant cooling humidifying effects to the environment and can reduce ambient temperature by1.3-3.3°C and increase humidity by10%,and trees shading is the most effective measures to improve the thermal environment by reducing the ambient temperature of4°C because its impact time is only1/3of the paving ground.