避雨栽培对台农一号芒果园温湿度及果实品质的影响

Effects of rain shelter cultivation on temperature,humidity and fruit quality of Tainong 1 mango orchard

【目的】分析避雨栽培对台农一号芒果园温度、湿度及果实品质的影响,为我国南方多雨地区开展芒果避雨栽培提供理论依据。【方法】搭建简易大棚,对3年生台农一号芒从开花前期至采果结束进行全程避雨栽培,以露地栽培为对照(CK),观测棚内外温度和湿度的日变化情况,测定分析芒果采后相关生理指标及病害发生情况。【结果】避雨栽培模式下,芒果冠层日均温度比露地提高0.7℃,日均相对湿度较露地降低6.0%。避雨栽培模式下果实外表光洁,平均单果重比露地栽培提高14.00 g,采后病害发生率较露地降低33.5%(绝对值,下同)。果实品质分析结果显示,避雨栽培模式下芒果的可滴定酸含量较露地降低0.012 mg/100 g FW,维生素C(Vc)含量提高0.01 mg/100 g FW,可溶性固形物含量升高1.20%。【结论】避雨栽培可有效提高大棚内台农一号芒果树冠层温度、降低湿度,有利于降低芒果果实采后贮存期的病害发生程度,提高果实品质,适合在我国南方多雨的芒果种植区推广应用。

【Objective】The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of rain shelter cultivation on temperature,humidity and fruit quality of Tainong1mango orchard,and provide theoretical basis for rain shelter cultivation in southern pluvial regions of China.【Method】Simple greenhouses were set up and covered during the full growth period from flowering to fruit harvest.Three-year-old Tainong1mango was used as experimental material.At the same time,open field cultivation was set as control(CK).Diurnal variation of temperature and humidity inside and outside the greenhouses were observed,post-harvest physiological indexes and disease occurence of mango were measured.【Result】Under rain shelter cultivation,daily average temperature in canopy was0.7℃higher than that in the open field,average daily relative humidity was6.0%lower than the control.The fruit appearance under rain shelter cultivation was bright and clean,the average fruit weight was14.00g higher than the open field fruit,and post-harvest disease incidence rate decreased by33.5%than the control(absolute value,the same below).Fruit quality analysis showed that the titratable acid in mango under rain shelter cultivation was0.012mg/100gFW lower than the control,vitamin C was0.01mg/100gFW higher than open field fruit,and soluble solid content was1.20%higher than open field fruit.【Conclusion】The rain shelter cultivation model can increase temperature and reduce humidity in canopy of Tainong1mango in greenhouse,reduce the incidence of post-harvest disease,improve mango quality.Thus it can be promoted in mango planting areas in southern pluvial regions of China.