澳洲坚果3种木蠹蛾生物学特性分析

Biological characteristics of three Cossidae pests on Macadamia ternifolia F. Muell.

【目的】明确广西澳洲坚果木蠹蛾类害虫主要种类及其年生活史和习性,为澳洲坚果木蠹蛾类害虫的监测和防治提供参考。【方法】2014年3月~2016年12月,在广西澳洲坚果主产区果园设置定点标准地对木蠹蛾类害虫进行调查,并于每年3月上旬~4月上旬在澳洲坚果树上采集越冬代幼虫作为第1代虫源,在实验室内对第1代虫源进行饲养,以获得第2、第3代害虫,观察各虫态生活习性,结合野外调查,绘制年生活史。【结果】荔枝拟木蠹蛾(Arbela dea Swinboe)和相思拟木蠹蛾(A.baibarana Matsumura)在广西一年发生1代,前者以老熟幼虫越冬,越冬幼虫于3月中旬~5月下旬化蛹,蛹期15~25 d,成虫见于4月初~6月初,幼虫于4月中旬开始孵化;后者以大龄幼虫越冬,越冬幼虫4月上旬~5月下旬化蛹,蛹期约20 d,成虫出现在4月下旬~6月下旬,幼虫5月上旬开始孵化。咖啡豹蠹蛾(Zeuzers coffeae Niether)在广西一年发生2代,以第2代大龄幼虫越冬,越冬幼虫于3月中旬~5月下旬化蛹,蛹期15~20 d,第1代成虫出现于4月上旬~6月上旬,第2代成虫出现于8月中旬~10月上旬,第1代幼虫于4月中旬开始孵化,第2代幼虫于8月底开始孵化。【结论】荔枝拟木蠹蛾、相思拟木蠹蛾和咖啡豹蠹蛾是广西澳洲坚果树的主要蛀干类害虫,其以幼虫蛀入枝干为害,防治难度较大,生产中可采取剪除虫枝、药剂涂刷树干或灌注孔洞、诱杀成虫及利用天敌等方法进行防治。

【Objective】The paper aimed to find out the major Cossidae pests on Macadamia ternifolia F.Muell.In Guangxi and then study on their life histories and living habits to provide reference for the monitoring and prevention and control of these pests.【Method】Investigation on Cossidae pests in main M.ternifolia orchards by setting the fixed standard points in Guangxi from March,2014to December,2016was conducted.Meanwhile,the researchers collected the overwintering larvae of these pests on M.ternifolia during the first ten days in March and the first ten days in April as the first generation,fed the first generation pests in the laboratory to obtained the second and the third generation,then observed the living habits of them and drew up annual life history combining field research.【Result】Arbela dea Swinboe and A.baibarana Matsumura had one generation per year in Guangxi.The former overwintered as the mature larvae which pupated during the second ten days in March to the last ten days in May.Uith pupa stage of15-25days.Adults emerged from the first ten days in April to the first ten days in June,larvae started hatching near the second ten days in April.The latter overwintered as old larvae which pupated during the first ten days in April to the last ten days in May with pupa stage of20days.Adults emerged from the last ten days in April to last ten days in June,larvae started hatching in the first ten days in May.Zeuzers coffeae Niether had two generations per year in Guangxi and it overwintered as old larvae of the second generation which pupated during the second ten days in March to the first ten days in May.Its pupa stage was15-20days.Adults of the first generation emerged from the first ten days in April to the first ten days in June,while the second generation emerged from the second ten days in August to the first ten days in October.Larvae of the first generation started hatching in the second ten days in April,while the second generation started hatching late August.【Conclusion】A.dea,A.baibarana and Z.coffeae are the major Cossidae pests for M.ternifolia in Guangxi,their larvae damage M.ternifolia trunk and they are difficult to control.The main methods of prevention and control are pruning pest shoot,brushing trunks and filling holes with pesticide,trapping adults and using natural enemies.