白及与黄花白及假鳞茎产量及品质差异分析

Difference analysis on pseudobulb yields and qualities between Bletilla striata and Bletilla ochracea

【目的】分析药用植物白及与黄花白及的产量和品质差异,为白及种植户选种优质白及品种提供参考依据。【方法】测定种植两年的3份白及和1份黄花白及的假鳞茎产量、氨基酸含量、蛋白质含量、多糖含量及其对钙(Ca)等矿质元素的吸收特性,比较各品种间的产量差异,并分析氨基酸总含量等指标间的相关性。【结果】4份材料的产量间存在显著差异(P<0.05,下同),其中,资源‘桂白4号’白及的假鳞茎产量(38112.15 kg/ha)较高,其次是资源白及(29112.15/ha),资源黄花白及和遵义白及的产量相对较低。4份材料的总氨基酸含量排序为遵义白及>资源‘桂白4号’白及>资源黄花白及>资源白及;资源‘桂白4号’白及的蛋白质含量最高,达7.22%,其次是遵义白及(7.12%),资源黄花白及和资源白及的蛋白质含量稍低,分别为6.60%和5.43%;资源黄花白及和资源‘桂白4号’白及的多糖含量较高,分别为31.40%和29.70%,资源白及和遵义白及的多糖含量相对较低,分别为27.60%和23.60%。此外,4份材料对Ca等矿质元素的吸收依矿质元素种类不同而存在差异。方差分析结果表明,氨基酸总含量和蛋白质含量间呈显著正相关,二者与Ca等5种矿质元素含量均呈正相关;多糖含量除与Mg含量呈正相关外,与其他指标均呈负相关;Ca等5种矿质元素间表现出或正或负的相关性。【结论】白及与黄花白及、白及同一种内不同品种(或不同来源地品种)间均存在产量和品质差异,其中资源‘桂白4号’白及的产量和品质均优于遵义白及、资源白及和资源黄花白及,可作为优质白及品种供药农选种。

【Objective】In order to supply technical support for growers to select high quality varieties of Bletilla,the difference in pseudobulb yields and qualities between Bletilla striata and B.ochracea was analyzed in this paper.【Method】Three portions of two-year-old B.striata and one portion of two-year-old B.ochracea were selected as materials.The pseudobulb yields,amino acid contents,protein contents,polysaccharide contents and absorption characteristics of mineral elements including calcium(Ca)were measured and analyzed.The difference in yields among cultivars was compared,and the correlation among indexes including total amino acid contents were analyzed.【Result】There was significant difference in yield among the four materials(P<0.05,the same below).The yield of Ziyuan B.striata‘Guibai4’was38112.15kg/ha,which was the highest in all4materials,followed by Ziyuan B.striata(29112.15kg/ha).The yields of Ziyuan B.ochracea and Zunyi B.striata were low.The rank of total amino acid contents was as follows:Zunyi B.striata>Ziyuan B.striata‘Guibai4’>Ziyuan B.ochracea>Ziyuan B.striata.The protein content of Ziyuan B.striata‘Guibai4’(7.22%)was the highest,followed by Zunyi B.striata(7.12%),Ziyuan B.ochracea(6.60%)and Ziyuan B.striata(5.43%).However,the polysaccharide contents of B.ochracea(31.40%)and Ziyuan B.striata‘Guibai4’(29.70%)were higher,and those of Ziyuan B.striata(27.60%)and Zunyi B.striata(23.60%)were lower.In addition,there were differences in absorption of mineral elements like Ca among the four materials.Variance analysis indicated that total amino acid content and protein content are significantly positively correlated.And they were both positively correlated to the five mineral elements.There was negative correlation between polysaccharide and all indexes except Mg content.The correlation among the five mineral elements were positive or negative.【Conclusion】There are differences in pseudobulb qualities and yields between B.striata and B.ochracea,and also between different varieties(or those come from different regions)of B.ochracea.The yield and quality of Ziyuan B.striata‘Guibai4’are better than those of Zunyi B.striata,Ziyuan B.striata and Ziyuan B.ochracea,and therefore can be selected as quality variety for growers.