互联网治理“多利益相关方”框架的实证分析

An Empirical Study of Multi-Stakeholder Framework for Internet Governance

当前,国际社会对"多利益相关方"看法不一,有赞同有反对。从实践角度分析,多利益相关方框架在不同层次的互联网治理结构中均有体现,实践模式各有不同。从概念上看,"多利益相关方"与多边主义两种框架各有优缺点,具体体现在基本原则、治理过程的特点以及意义和目标等不同方面;在实践中,前者的优势在于更灵活、可行,适合互联网自身的复杂性、层次性、分散性、开放和自下而上,通过在具有有效国际协调能力的个人和机构之中建立松散的网络提高了适应性;后者的优势则正好是多利益相关方的劣势,多边主义回归传统等级式管理,对现有机制在制定政策和实践中的失败有较好的规避能力,在治理隐私、间谍活动、及个人恶意行为等方面更强有力。

At present,the international community have very different views on the multistakeholder framework for Internet governance.In practice,the multi-stakeholder framework has been applied to different fields of Internet governance in varied patterns.Conceptually,both multi-stakeholder and multilateral framework have their own advantages and disadvantages in terms of basic principles,the characteristics of the governance process as well as objectives and implications.In detail,the former is more flexible and suitable for the complex,hierarchical anddecentralized structure of the Internet itself,and the openness,bottom-up approach has increased its adaptability by establishing flexible network among various individuals and institutional players.However,the disadvantage of multi-stakeholder is the advantage of multilateralism.Subject to traditional hierarchical management,multilateralism can better avoid the failures of the existing mechanism in the development of policies and practices and is especially effective in the protection of privacy and fighting against espionage and malicious attacks.