雾霾对不同技能员工劳动生产率影响的差异性研究--基于CEES数据的实证分析

A Study on the Difference Between the Impacts of Haze on the Labor Productivity among Different Skilled Employees:An Empirical Analysis Based on CEES Data

文章将污染作为一种投入要素引入企业柯布—道格拉斯型生产函数,在考虑企业间相互联系的基础上推导出污染与劳动生产率之间的关系,并建立相应的计量模型,随后利用2016年CEES调查数据以及相匹配的城市PM2.5数据,对此计量模型进行估计,综合研究了雾霾对不同技能员工劳动生产率的影响。研究发现:在不影响劳动供给的情况下,PM2.5每上升一个单位,全体员工的劳动生产率平均下降0.14%。进一步地,PM2.5对不同技能员工劳动生产率的影响存在差异,高技能员工更容易受到空气污染的影响。具体来说,第一,以工作职位衡量不同技能时,一线工人、管理人员和技术人员的劳动生产率分别下降0.1%、0.14%和0.39%,相较于一线工人,管理人员和技术人员更容易受到PM2.5污染的影响。第二,以受教育程度衡量不同技能时,受教育程度越高的员工受到的影响更大。文章的结论为中国城市人口空间流动提供了一定的经济学解释,污染对高技能员工影响更大,而高技能员工也更有能力选择去环境好的城市工作。因此,城市要吸引高端人才应加强环境保护工作,尤其要利用好市场机制促进中国社会实现绿色转型。

In this paper,pollution is introduced into the enterprise Cobb-Douglas production function as an input factor,and the relationship between pollution and labor productivity is deduced on the basis of the interrelationship between enterprisessoas to establish the corresponding measurement model.The2016CEES data are used and matchedwith city PM2.5data to estimatethe impact of the haze on labor productivity among different skilled employees.The study finds that the labor productivity ofall employees decrease by0.14%on average for each unit of increase of PM2.5,with the labor supply unchanged.Furthermore,differentbehavior is observed on different skilled workers facing impacts from PM2.5in terms of their labor productivity.As a concreteexample,more highly skilled workers are,unfortunately,found to be more susceptible to air pollution.To be more specific,firstly,workers in different positions exhibit variations in response,i.e.the labor productivity decreases by0.1%,0.14%and0.39%among front-line workers,managers and technical staff respectively.Compared to front-line workers,managers and technicalstaff are more prone to any injuryby PM2.5pollution.And secondly,measurement by different lengths of education revealsthat the more educated employees are more likely to be adversely affected.The conclusion of this paper also provides an explanationfor the migration of urban population in China in terms of their economic reasons.Air pollution has a greater impact on morehighly skilled employees,who are better able to choose to work in a betternatural environment.Any city,therefore,will have to enhanceits environmental protection measures if it chooses to become or remain competitive in attracting more professional talents,and the market mechanism needs to be well utilized for the successful‘green transformation’of the country.