聚合物电解质膜水电解器用质子交换膜的研究进展

Progress in the proton exchange membrane for PEM water electrolyzer

聚合物电解质膜水电解器(PEMWE)是一种清洁环保的电解水制氢技术,具有效率高、氢气纯度高、无污染、能耗低等特点,在再生能源领域具有非常广阔的发展前景。质子交换膜是PEM水电解器的核心关键材料,是膜电极的心脏部件,但质子交换膜的成本和性能大大限制了其商业化发展。因此,寻找和开发新型材料成为解决这两大问题和推进商业化进程的必然选择。本文首先介绍了PEMWE用质子交换膜的特性,然后通过对全氟磺酸质子交换膜的改性、合成有机/无机纳米复合质子交换膜和无氟质子交换膜研究方向的原理、特点、应用实例和新进展等方面的分析,阐述了不同研究方向的优势和存在的不足。通过对上述3个主要研究方向的概括和评述,认为无氟质子交换膜,尤其是嵌段型无氟磺化质子交换膜,是PEM水电解器用质子交换膜今后的发展方向。

PEM water electrolyzer(PEMWE)is a sort of clean and environment-friendly water electrolysis technology with some advantages of high efficiency,high hydrogen purity,pollution-free and low energy consumption etc.Therefore,it has a very broad prospects in the field of renewable energy.The proton exchange membrane is the core material of PEM water electrolyzer and is also the heart of membrane electrode assembly(MEA).However,the cost and performance of proton exchange membrane greatly limit the commercialization of proton exchange membrane,and thus developing new materials is necessary to solve these two problems and promote the commercialization.In this paper,we introduce the characteristics of PEMWE proton exchange membrane,analyze the principle,characteristics,applications and the new progress of the modification of perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane,the synthesis of organic/inorganic nanocomposite proton exchange membrane and fluorine-free proton exchange membrane.The advantages and disadvantages of different research directions are also discussed.Based on the previous analysis,it is suggested that the fluorine-free proton exchange membrane,especially the block-type fluorine-free sulfonated proton exchange membrane,is the major development direction of proton exchange membrane of PEM water electrolyzer in the future.