论信息时代的隐私预期及其限界

On the Expectation of Privacy in the Information Age and its Limitations

隐私预期是指个人对控制和避免披露某些自身事务的合理期待。此处的合理期待并非指行为人个人单纯的主观意愿,而是指一个相对合理的人都会具有的期望,是一种普遍的社会期待。隐私预期的价值在于维护正常生活、激发自由表达和制约公权滥用。隐私预期经历了由静态到动态的历史沿革。隐私预期的现实困境包括:新领域或新技术导致的空白化;迷信传统或忽视利益平衡带来的简单化;预期随意或粗暴显现的主观化。隐私预期的原则限界为:不影响合理功能、能为社会许容和具有开放性。隐私预期的具体限界为必须以公共利益为基点来界定。

The expectation of privacy refers to one’s reasonable expectation to control certain matters ofone’s own and protect them from disclosure.Rather than any subjective intention of the individual,here theexpectation of privacy means the expectation that a relatively reasonable person will have or the general socialexpectation.The value of it is to maintain the normal life,to encourage free expression and to restrict the abuse ofpublic power.The expectation of privacy has undergone a historical evolution from the static to the dynamic.Therealistic predicament now includes:the blanking of new areas or new technologies;the simplicity of superstitionor neglect of the balance of interests;the subjectivization of rough or arbitrary expectation.The principles ofexpectation of privacy are:it cannot affect the rational function,it can be allowed by the society and it has goodopenness.And the specific boundaries of it must be defined on a public interest basis.