明代江南园林的生态意蕴探析

On Ecological Connotations of South China Gardening in the Ming Dynasty

明清两代在造园风格上有较大差异,清代园林注重人工雕饰,而明代园林则崇尚自然雅趣。明代江南园林以文人园林为主流,文人基于自身际遇及审美偏好,在园林营建中主张回归自然、返璞归真,注重自然天成的生态空间的营造,使得居住环境与自然生态更为契合。在叠山、理水、动植物配置及园林建筑等方面,明代园林都展现了令人称道的生态智慧,并将山水画的审美意境融入园林设计中,生态景观与人文思想交相辉映,实现了人与自然的深度融合,同时也形成了亲近自然的生活方式和社交方式。明代江南园林在处理人与自然关系上的探索,对于当前建设生态节约型园林具有积极的借鉴意义。

The Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty are quite different in gardening style with the former laying emphasis on natural elegance,while the latter on artificial carving.In Ming Dynasty,literati garden,the mainstream of gardens in south China,was constructed based on literators'individual experiences and aesthetic preferences with emphasis on the return to nature and the building of ecological space to create the harmony between dwelling environment and natural ecology.Seen From the design and the setting pattern of gardening elements such as hills,waterways,architecture,flora and fauna,gardening in the Ming Dynasty commendably displays the ecological wisdom,and integrates the aesthetic conception of landscape painting into the landscape design,making landscape ecology merged with humanistic thought remarkably,and thus,the connection between human and nature has been established and the nature-friendly life style and social intercourse way have been formed.The exploration of the relationship between man and nature in the gardening of Ming Dynasty is of positive significance for the construction of ecological and economical gardens today.