彩色金相技术的浅析与应用

Brief analysis and application of color metallographic technology

利用"黑白衬度"金相和彩色金相技术研究五种铁碳合金(热轧态37Mn5、中温回火65Mn、铸态QT400-18L、热轧态P92超超临界钢和退火态20钢)和一种钛合金(热锻后淬火)的金相组织。研究结果表明,"黑白衬度"金相仅能用来观察传统碳钢和低合金钢的金相组织,试剂一(40 m L水+1 m L稀硝酸+0.5 g钼酸钠)、试剂二(盐酸(35%)+蒸馏水=1:5体积比(共100 m L)+0.5~1 g的焦亚硫酸钾)和热染法三种彩色金相方法能够清晰地观察球墨铸铁材料QT400-18L的铁素体基体晶界,且三种方法在操作性方面均较容易实现。热染法也可用来观察工业上批量化生产的碳钢和低合金钢的金相组织。

The microscopic structures of fi ve iron-carbon alloys(including hot rolled37Mn5,mediumtemperaturetempered65Mn,as-cast QT400-18L,hot rolled P92and annealed20steel)and one titaniumalloy(quenched after hot forging)were investigated by using the color metallographic technology and"black and white contrast"metallography.It was shown that the"black and white contrast"metallographycould only be used to observe the microstructure of conventional carbon steel and low alloy steel.Threecolor metallographic methods which were easily operated can be used to observe the ferrite grains inQT400-18L.Heat dyeing can be used to observe the metallurgical structures of carbon steel and low alloysteel in industrial mass production.