生态环境损害责任确立的理论基础研究——以马克思主义生态文明观为视角

Theoretical basis of the environmental damage liability:in the perspective of Marxist ecological civilization

中共中央办公厅和国务院办公厅印发的《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革试点方案》已经明确提出了生态环境损害的赔偿问题,对生态环境本身造成损害需要承担责任将成为中国法治时代又一个崭新的命题,对生态环境造成损害担责因何而生、又因何而立?生态环境损害责任确立的理论根据到底是什么?笔者认为只有明确生态环境损害责任确立的理论基础,才能促进生态损害赔偿制度的有效构建与救济机制的健康运行,才能为"美丽中国"建设提供法治保障。本文以马克思主义生态文明观为研究视角,探讨了生态文明观作为中国生态环境损害责任确立的理论基础之科学性与合理性。本文研究发现,马克思主义生态文明观不仅扫清了环境损害责任确立的思想和认识障碍,而且回应了个别学者对环境损害责任成立的质疑,为环境损害责任的确立奠定了思想和理论基础;不仅如此,生态文明观还为环境损害责任的实施提供了政治、经济、文化、技术和法治保障,是生态文明观孕育了环境损害责任。本文进一步分析了生态文明观之所以能够孕育环境损害责任制度的原因,是因为生态文明观与环境损害责任有诸多内在的共同性:生态文明观与环境损害责任之间同根同源,都起源于生态环境危机的时代背景,直接目的就是为了实现环境保护,共同的手段就是环境法治,最深层次的共同价值追求是实现人与自然的和谐共生。中国未来生态环境损害责任制度的建立与运行,应当自觉坚持以马克思主义生态文明观为指导,自觉将马克思主义生态文明观作为思想指南和理论渊源。

‘Ecological environmental damage compensation system reform pilot Program’issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council has clearly put forward the ecological environment damage compensation.The responsibility of environmental damage will be new legislative areas.What makes the responsibility of environmental damage happen and stand?What is the theory of establishing the responsibility of ecological environment damage?Authors believe that only the theoretical basis of establishing the responsibility of ecological damage can not only promote the effective construction of ecological damage compensation system and the healthy operation of relief mechanism,but also provide legal protection for the construction of‘Beautiful China’.The paper in the perspective of the Marxist view of ecological civilization,discusses the scientific and rational of the theoretical basis which is the ecological civilization as the responsibility of the ecological environment in China.The concept of ecological civilization clears up the thinking and understanding obstacles to the responsibility of environmental damage,and responds to the questioning of the establishment of liability for environmental damage,which provides the ideological and theoretical foundation for the establishment of environmental damage liability.In order to ensure the implementation of environmental damage liability,the concept of ecological civilization can provide political,economic,cultural,technical and legal protection.The concept of ecological civilization can bring about the environmental damage liability system because the concept of ecological civilization and environmental damage liability have many inherent commonness:ecological civilization and environmental damage responsibility have the same origin,originated in the ecological environment crisis background;their direct purpose is to achieve environmental protection,their common means is the environmental rule of law,and their deepest common value is to pursue the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.We suggest that the establishment and operation of the China’s future ecological environment damage liability system,should consciously adhere to the Marxist view of ecological civilization as a guide,and consciously regard the Marxist ecological civilization as the ideological guide and theoretical origin.