重复使用运载火箭技术进展与展望

Progress and Prospect of Reusable Launch Vehicle Technology

首先从伞降回收、垂直返回、带翼飞回和升力体式等类型分析了国外典型重复使用运载器的发展现状;然后从技术难度、对总体设计体系的影响、运载能力损失、对主发动机的技术要求、回收过程复杂性等方面对各技术途径进行全面的对比分析,并概述了重复使用运载火箭的关键技术,开展了重复使用运载火箭经济性分析;最后对未来重复使用运载火箭技术发展进行展望。重复使用是运载火箭发展的必然途径,中国还需大力发展重复使用运载火箭技术,未来还将走向天地往返+重复使用空间运输的模式。

The development status of reusable launch vehicle technology is described firstly from parachute-landing,vertical-landing,winged-landing and lift-body types.And different types of launch vehicle recovery technology are compared witheach other from several aspects,including technology difficulty,impact of design system,loss of performance,requirement of mainengine and accuracy of landing.The four main key technologies are analyzed,and the launch cost analysis is conducted.In the end,thefuture development roadmap of reusable launch vehicle technology is concluded.The reusable is a promising technology of launchvehicle,and will be developed continuously in China.The reusable technology may become reusable access space system+reusableorbit transportation system.