2012—2016年深圳急门诊职业伤害病例特征分析

Analysis on the Characteristics of Occupational Injuries in the Outpatient and Emergency Department of Shenzhen during 2012—2016

目的了解深圳市医院门急诊职业伤害病例特征及模式,为制定相关政策提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学研究方法,对2012—2016年深圳市伤害监测系统职业伤害病例进行分析。结果 2012—2016年深圳市伤害监测系统共报告职业伤害事件67 170例,占伤害事件总数的12.83%。职业伤害患者平均年龄(32.23±13.21)岁,以20~35岁居多(45.49%),男性多于女性(性别比3.68∶1)。所有职业伤害患者中,非深圳户籍占90.76%,高中及以下文化程度占90.03%,工人职业伤害占所有职业伤害总数的44.95%,发生的高峰时间为上午10—11时(8.45%)。职业伤害主要发生在工业和建筑场所(75.86%),前3位原因依次为钝器伤(45.99%),刀/锐器伤(25.81%)和跌倒/坠落(18.86%)。伤害类型以开放伤(43.70%),挫擦伤(38.94%)和骨折(8.85%)为主。受伤部位主要为上肢(53.79%),其次为下肢(21.78%)和头部(11.90%)。轻、中、重度职业伤害比例分别为79.03%,6.97%和4.00%,需住院病例占总数的14.92%,死亡病例占总数的0.08%。结论职业伤害干预重点人群为男性青年外来务工人员,应从加强安全生产教育和岗前培训、改善生产环境、重视安全生产管理等方面来防制职业伤害。

Objective Analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of occupational injuries in Shenzhen so as toprovide basic information for the development of intervention strategies.Methods The descriptive epidemiology wasemployed to analyze the data collected during2012-2016from the injury surveillances system in Shenzhen.ResultsThere were a total of67170occupational injury cases reported during2012-2016,accounting for12.83%of totalinjury cases.The average age of occupationally injured people was32.23years old,45.49%of the injured people were20～35years old,and the ratio of male over female was3.68∶1.Most(90.76%)of the patients were non-permanentresidents,and the major(90.03%)of them were educated at low levels.Labor workers were the major victims ofoccupational injury and accounted for44.95%of all injury cases.The peak time for injury to occur was at10:00to11:00am(8.45%),and the constantly reported locations were manufacture and construction sites(75.86%).The topthree causes of injury were blunt injury(45.99%),cut/stab(25.81%),and fall(18.86%).Most of injuries were openwound(43.70%),superficial wound(38.94%)and fracture(8.85%).The injured parts of the body were mainly the upper limbs(53.79%),low limbs(21.78%)and head(11.90%).Most of injured patients were slight ones(79.03%),while the remaining parts were moderate(6.97%)or heavy(4.00%)cases.14.92%of the cases were hospitalized with amortality of0.08%.Conclusion The young,male,and migrant labor workers are the population with high risk foroccupational injury thus should be given specific attention including safety education,pre-job training and safety management.