星油藤在桂西南石漠化地区的生长适应性

Adaptability of Plukenetia volubilis in karst rocky desertification area in southwest Guangxi

【目的】观测油料植物星油藤(Plukenetia volubilis)在桂西南石漠化地区的生长适应性,为其在桂西南石漠化地区的种植和推广提供参考。【方法】2013~2015年在广西平果县龙何生态重建示范区开展星油藤引种栽培试验,观测其种子萌发、幼苗生长、开花结实、种子性状和越冬情况等特性。【结果】星油藤种子从播种到萌发结束历时36 d,发芽率达93.8%,幼苗主蔓最大旬生长量达106.3 cm,从播种到现蕾约需150 d,从现蕾到果实成熟需要125~140 d,花(果)期持续时间4~5个月,种植第1年果实无法自然成熟,第2年之后果实可自然成熟。星油藤种植3年内,随着植株年龄的增加,星油藤的始花期、盛花(果)期和果实始熟期等均明显提前,植株受寒害程度逐渐降低,种子单粒重、出仁率和含油率逐渐增加。【结论】在桂西南石漠化地区种植星油藤,应选择广西平果县龙何生态重建示范区以南极端低温更高的地区进行种植,或通过技术手段筛选和培育抗寒品种。

【Objective】Growth adaptability of oil plant,Plukenetia volubilis Linneoin karst rocky desertification area in southwest Guangxi was observed to provide scientific reference for its cultivation and promotion in rocky desertification area in southwest Guangxi.【Method】A series of experiments on the introduction and cultivation of P.volubilis were conducted in Longhe ecological reconstruction demonstration zone,Pingguo County,Guangxi from2013to2015.The characteristics of seed germination,seedling growth,flowering,fruiting,seed traits and overwintering were investigated and analyzed.【Result】It lasted36d from seeding to the end of germination for P.volubilis seeds with germination rate of93.8%.The maximum increment of main stem of seedlings was106.3cm.It took about150d for budding since seeding,and another125-140d for fruit ripening.The period of flowering and fruiting lasted4-5months,but the fruit could not naturally ripen in the first year of cultivation.It had to wait till the second year.Dates of early flowering,full flowering(fruit)and fruit ripening of P.volubilis became earlier with growing age of plant within the first three years.Meanwhile,severity of cold damage gradually declined,while single seed weight,kernel rate,and oil content increased.【Conclusion】To cultivate P.volubilis in karst rocky desertification area in southwest Guangxi,it is more suitable to choose areas in south of Longhe demonstration zone,pingguo,Guangxi where extreme low temperature is higher than other areas,or to select and breed cold resistant varieties through technical measures.