乙烯利处理对苦瓜氧化酶活性及苦瓜性别分化的影响

Effects of ethephon on activities of oxidase enzymes and sex differentiation of bitter gourd

【目的】探讨乙烯利对苦瓜过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及苦瓜性别表现的影响,为苦瓜高产栽培提供参考依据。【方法】对苗期如玉33号和如玉41号苦瓜叶面和茎尖喷施不同浓度乙烯利,以喷蒸馏水为对照(CK),分别于施药后第0、10、20和30 d取茎尖样品测定POD、CAT和SOD活性,观察移栽后苦瓜的第一雌、雄花节位,计算前35节雌花节率。【结果】在各测定时期,50.0和100.0 mg/L乙烯利处理如玉33号和如玉41号的POD活性均高于同期其他处理,最高值均出现在施药后第30 d。50.0 mg/L乙烯利处理如玉33号的SOD活性均低于同期其他处理,以施药后第30 d时最低,为CK的32.7%;100.0 mg/L乙烯利处理如玉41号的SOD活性均低于同期其他处理,以施药后第30 d时最低,为CK的45.1%。乙烯利处理后如玉33号和如玉41号的CAT活性变化趋势与SOD变化趋势一致。50.0 mg/L乙烯利处理如玉33号的第一雌、雄花节位最低,分别为8.0和5.2节,雌花节率最高,为0.465,且均与CK存在显著差异(P<0.05,下同);100.0 mg/L处理如玉41号的第一雌、雄花节位最低,分别为9.8和6.2节,雌花节率最高,为0.512,也均与CK存在显著差异。【结论】喷施乙烯利可使苦瓜茎尖的POD活性升高,SOD和CAT活性降低,有效降低苦瓜第一雌、雄花节位,提高雌花节率,以分别喷施50.0和100.0 mg/L乙烯利对如玉33号和如玉41号提早开花、增加早期雌花数量的效果较佳。

【Objective】Effects of ethephon on activities of peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in bitter gourd and its sex differentiation was studied to provide reference for high yield of bitter gourd.【Method】Different concentrations of ethephon were sprayed on foliage and stem tip of bitter gourd(Ruyu33and Ruyu41),and distilled water was used as control(CK).After treatment,the samples of stem tip were taken on day0,10,20and30respectively to measure the activities of POD,CAT and SOD.Node of the first female flower and node of the first male flower were observed after transplant,and node rate in the first35nodes of female flower was calculated.【Result】At each measurement period,POD activity of50.0and100.0mg/L ethephon treated Ruyu33and Ruyu41were higher than those of other treatments in the same period.The highest values appeared on day30after treatment.SOD activity of Ruyu33in50.0mg/L treatment was lower than those in other treatments at the same period,the lowest value occurred on day30after treatment which was32.7%of that in CK.SOD activity of Ruyu41in100.0mg/L treatment was lower than other treatments at the same period,and the lowest value occurred on day30after treatment which accounted for45.1%of that in CK.The variation trends of CAT activity and SOD activity of Ruyu33and Ruyu41were the same after ethephon treatments.For Ruyu33,after50.0mg/L ethephon treatment,positions of node of the first female flower(the8.0th node)and node of the first male flower(the5.2th node)were the lowest,and the node rate of female flower was the highest(0.465).All these indexes were significantly different from those in CK(P<0.05,the same below).For Ruyu41,after100.0mg/L ethephon treatment,positions of node of the first female flower(the9.8th node)and node of the first male flower(the6.2th node)were the lowest,and the node rate of female flower was the highest(0.512).All these indexes were significantly different from those in CK.【Conclusion】Spraying ethephon increases POD activity of stem tip of bitter gourd,decreases activities of SOD and CAT,lowers the flower position of the first female and male node and increases the node rate of female flowers.The effects of spraying50mg/L ethephon on Ruyu33and100mg/L ethephon on Ruyu41are sound in early flowering and increasing the number of early female flowers.