钠离子电池碳基负极材料的研究进展

Research progress of carbon-based anode materials for sodium ion batteries

电极材料的研究开发是钠离子电池技术发展和应用的关键之一,碳基负极材料具有原料丰富、成本低廉、可逆容量较大及倍率性能良好等优点,备受国内外专家、学者的关注。本文系统综述了钠离子电池碳基负极材料的最新研究进展,就石墨类和非石墨类碳基负极材料的分类和掺杂改性研究进行了详细介绍。石墨类材料有石墨和石墨烯,非石墨类材料有软碳和硬碳;元素掺杂改性主要是以N和S为主,并分别阐述了各种碳基负极材料的电化学性能及可能的充放电机理。分析了目前碳基负极材料面临着首次库仑效率较低、电压滞后现象严重、循环稳定性能不佳等问题,未来的发展方向主要是增大碳基负极材料的碳层间距、结构的纳米化以及优化制备工艺,以确保循环稳定性及倍率性能的优异性。

The development of electrode materials is one of the key factors in the application of sodium ion batteries.Carbon-based anode materials have attracted the attention of experts and scholars at home and abroad because of their advantages of rich raw materials,low cost,high reversible capacity and good rate performance.In this paper,the recent research progress of the carbon-based anode materials for sodium ion batteries have been briefly reviewed,and the classification and doping modification of graphite and non-graphite carbon-based anode materials are described in detail.Graphitebased materials are graphite and graphene,while non-graphite-based materials are soft carbon and hard carbon and element doping modification is mainly N-and S-based.The electrochemical properties and the possible mechanism of the sodium storage process are discussed in detail as well.The future advances of carbon-based anode materials should mainly focus on improving the low efficiency of coulomb,the phenomenon of severe voltage hysteresis and poor cycle stability.The future modification direction is to increase the carbon layer spacing,reduce the structure into nanoscale and optimize the preparation process to ensure the high cyclical stability and excellent rate performance.