昆明地区过敏性鼻炎及哮喘患者家庭优势尘螨种类调查

Predominant Species of House Dust Mites in Kunming

目的调查昆明地区尘螨致敏的过敏性鼻炎及哮喘患者家庭尘螨的种类及比例,确定优势螨种,为尘螨的防治提供依据.方法以确诊尘螨致敏的过敏性鼻炎及哮喘患者为研究对象,于2010年8月至2011年8月入户收集研究对象家庭的尘土样本,分离其中螨虫样本,并制作玻片在显微镜下对物种进行确定.结果 35个患者家里收集287份样本,检出尘螨204份,检出率71.1%,共发现螨4 275只,在分析的的3 459个标本中,主要致敏螨种前三位的依次为粉尘螨(74.9%),户尘螨(23.6%)和热带无爪螨(1.1%);对不同生活环境螨密度的数据分析表明,床垫的平均螨密度最高,达到321只螨/克尘土,其次为床褥(271只螨/克尘土)和沙发(162只螨/克尘土).8月至9月平均螨密度在至月达最高峰,1月至3月密度最低.结论昆明地区室内优势螨种为粉尘螨,其次为屋尘螨和热带无爪螨,平均螨密度在至8月至9月达最高峰.

Objective To study the dust mites species and predominant species in Kunming,to provide evidence for the prevention and cure of dust mite allergy.Methods From August2010to August2011,mite-allergic patients,including allergic rhinitis and asthma of the patients who visited the The1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University.Dust samples from the patients'homes were collected by vacuuming,and mites in the samples were isolated with the flotation method.Permanent slides were prepared for morphologically based species determination.Results In total4275mite specimens of morphologically identifiable species were found in287dust samples taken from35homes.71.1%samples were infested with mites.The result showed that the mite family of Pyroglyphidae occupied the highest percentage(97.2%)of the total amount of mites collected.The most common adult Pyroglyphidae mites were Dermatophagoides(D.)farinae(74.9%),D.pteronyssinus(23.6%),and D.Blomiatropicalis(1.9%).The mite density was121.4mites/g in wet season and77.3mites/g in dry season(<0.05)and the highest in August through September,the lowest from January to march.Conclusion The predominant species of mite in Kunming region is dust mites,followed by house dust mites and the blomiatropicalis.The mean density of dust mites is the highest in August to September.