“仲裁案”后南海共同开发的思路:基于英国和阿根廷共同开发个案的分析与借鉴

Joint Development after the “South China Sea Arbitration”: the Case of Anglo-Argentina Joint Development Practice

"仲裁案"后,南海地区的形势有利于推进共同开发,而英国和阿根廷共同开发案能够对中国提供借鉴。英阿共同开发案是两国因马尔维纳斯群岛(英国称"福克兰群岛")主权归属争端爆发军事冲突之后进行的一次重要合作。两国共同开发合作的发展历程是一个合作领域不断拓展、合作机制不断成熟、合作意愿不断增强的过程。然而,两国《共同开发宣言》并不是具有法律拘束力的条约,这为它们共同开发实践的失败埋下隐患并结合其他因素最终导致这一实践走向失败。在这一过程中,两国搁置争议的做法、循序渐进的步骤和政治意愿的推动值得中国借鉴;而明确共同开发协定的法律拘束力、保持国家政策的稳定和连续、杜绝共同开发之外的单方面行动等,是对中国在南海进行共同开发的反面启示。

The circumstance of the South China Sea after the'South China Sea Arbitration'has become advantageous to joint development in the areas,for which we may get some inspiration from the Anglo-Argentina joint development practice.The Anglo-Argentina joint development was an important cooperation after the 1982 Falkland/Malvinas armed conflict between the two countries.Such cooperation was a result of progress as their cooperation field expanded,cooperative mechanism was formed and cooperative willingness was strengthened.However,no legal binding of their Joint Development Declaration has created the flaw for the cooperation,which along with other elements,finally led such practice to failure.Therefore,China can learn from such lessons as shelving temporary disputes,keeping gradual progression and holding identical political understanding in their common exploitation in the areas.Further,the two countries need to guarantee legal binding of their joint development agreement and keep the policy continuous and consistent,and avoid possible unilateral activities in that regard.