文物建筑恢复重建的原真性再思--以独克宗古城夏举岗达老宅灾后重建为例

Rethinking the Authenticity of Restoration for Heritage Building——Taking the Post-Disaster Restoration of Old House Xiajugangda in Dukezong Ancient Town As an Example

2014年"1·11火灾"使香格里拉独克宗古城核心区受灾严重,其中8栋文物保护建筑大面积受损,夏举岗达老宅是其中一栋被毁坏的传统藏式民居。在甄别了其原真性以后,复原工作旨在原址恢复其2005年整体格局与风貌,然而在政府与户主利益的博弈中,重建未能达到如期效果。通过对夏举岗达老宅"灾损评估—重建设计—建造过程—投入使用"的全程参与记录,分析理想与现实之间的差距,总结文物在恢复重建中的要点与方法,并反思其成果的不足,提出适宜的文物重建之法必须采用科学的修复方法动态地、主动地加以保护,并激励民众的集体荣誉感,采取介入的最小化原则与适当介入原则相结合,并改变重建模式,由居民主导转为集权专业团队主导。

The“1·11fire”in2014has devastated the core area of Dukezong ancient town in Shangri-La,and eight heritage buildings were badly destroyed,among which Xiajugangda,the traditional Tibetan buildings was devastated in the fire.After identifying its authenticity,restoration was aimed at recovering its overall layout and style in2005at the original site,however,the restoration failed to achieve the expected result during the gambling between the government and the owner.Through recording the process of“damage assessment-restoration design-construction process-reuse”,the paper analyses the differences between the ideal and present situation,and summarizes the key points and methods in restoration work of heritage buildings and introspects its shortages,then puts forward the ideal restoration methods for heritage buildings.We must protect its authenticity by a scientific restoration method dynamically and actively,motivate the collective sense of honor,adopt minimized intervention and proper intervention concept,and then change the dominant restoration pattern from residents to centralized professional team.