大学法人视角下日本国立大学的治理结构

The Governance Structure of Japanese National Universities from the Perspective of Corporate University

2004年法人化改革确立了日本国立大学的大学法人身份、新的治理内涵与组织形态。通过分析国立大学法人治理结构普遍的运作模式,发现国立大学法人治理结构的运作形成了中央政府的规制缓和与监管、以校长为核心的校级层面集权与协商、部局权限的缩减、校外力量对大学决策的介入、学生的治理参与等主要特征。法人化后至今日本国立大学的治理结构一直处于调整与完善的阶段,期间日本国内对国立大学法人治理结构的检讨主要围绕政府的控制、校长的能力、校外人士治理的效率、旧制的惯性、学校管理人员的专业性、组织文化等议题展开。

The legalization reform in2004established the legal person identity,new governance connotation and organization of the Japanese national universities.This study analyzed the general operation mode of the corporate governance structure,and found that its university runs under the downplayed regulation and consolidated supervision of the central government,the university-based centralization and consultation as the core,the reduction of administrative authority,and extracurricular forces involved in university decision making.It also found that the governance structure is being continuously reviewed and perfected around the subjects as government's control,presidential capability,efficiency of social engagement,inertia of the old system,professionalism of school administrators,organizational culture and other issues in the stage of adjustment and improvement.