“辟异端”:清代学术演进的一个重要取径

Elimination of Heresy: One Important Way of Academic Evolution in the Qingdao Dynasty

明清易代,"非我族类"的满洲贵族入主中原,在传统儒学面临异文化侵蚀的时代背景下,亲历亡国之痛的汉族士人视佛、老等"异端"为洪水猛兽,辟之唯恐不及;由"辟二氏"而厌倦理学的形上玄远之思,学风遂由弃虚而蹈实,经史实学于焉发轫。降及乾嘉,学人们以"通经明道"为治学之旨,藉由考证以剔除杂入儒学的"异端之障",从而恢复原始儒学的"圣道之真",庶几为其时学人共同的致思趋向。清代学术经此一番演绎和递嬗,考据学遂蔚为大国。

The shift from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty rendered the nobles of Manchu masters of China.When traditional Confucianism was corroded by a foreign culture,the intellectuals of the Han Nationality suffering from the country's destruction all regarded Buddhism and Taoism as the culprit.The resistance of the vacuous doctrines of Buddhism and Taoism led to the boycott of the Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming dynasties,thus making the scholarship downto-earth again.During the reign of Qianlong and Jiaqing emperors,intellectuals regarded acquiring doctrines from knowledge as the purpose,attempting to restore the original Confucianism by cleaning up the doctrines of Buddhism and Taoism mixed in Confucianism,which became the trend of thought at that time.Therefore,the textology became the main type of scholarship in the Qing Dynasty.