物质过程视角下的英汉作格对比研究

A Contrastive Study of Ergativity between English and Chinese from a Perspective of Material Process

作格一直是近年来语言学界的热门话题。在物质过程的视域下,作格动词的特点更加明显。英汉两种语言物质过程小句中的作格具有很强的可比性。在作格动词的形态方面,汉语双语素动词的组成方式更为灵活多变;在语义方面,英汉作格都有使役化和反使役化,但英语作格动词是内孕的,而汉语则是外显的;在句法方面,英汉作格都不能带施事,都有时体标记,部分动词还可以用其主语的反身代词来修饰,但汉语的作格句式更加多样。

Ergativity has been the hot topic in the linguistic circle in recent years.From a perspective of material process,the features of ergative verbs seem to be more obvious.And the ergativity in English and Chinese material process clauses can be contrasted from more than one aspect.In terms of forms,the Chinese ergative verbs with two morphemes have more formation ways.In semantics,both English and Chinese ergativity is characterized by causativization and anticausativization.However,the meanings of the English ergative verbs are implied,and the meanings of their Chinese counterparts are shown externally.And syntactically,both English and Chinese ergativity cannot take agents and has the markers of tense and aspect.Some of the ergative verbs can be modified by the reflexives of their subjects.In spite of that,the Chinese ergative sentence patterns are wider in variety.