早期西方马克思主义对人的解放道路的探索

The Exploration of the Way of Human Liberation in the Early Western Marxism

20世纪初,俄国十月革命极大地激励了各国无产阶级革命者,西欧无产阶级革命实践更是直接受到俄国十月革命的影响。然而西欧无产阶级革命却最终以失败告终,这种鲜明的反差是促使早期西方马克思主义者重新进行理论探索的直接动力。从意识形态角度出发,以青年卢卡奇、柯尔施、葛兰西为代表的早期西方马克思主义者纷纷将视角转向阶级意识。在确证无产阶级阶级意识为革命主体力量的基础上,早期西方马克思主义将无产阶级革命的未来寄希望于意识形态斗争。由于对革命物质前提的忽视,早期西方马克思主义者所确证的观念革命之路,最终沦为了一种"乌托邦"的救赎。

At the beginning of the twentieth century,the Russian October revolution greatly inspired the proletarian revolutionaries,and the practice of proletarian revolution in western Europe was directly affected by the Russian October revolution.However,the proletarian revolution in western Europe ended in failure,which is the direct motive force for the early western Marxists to Again theoretical exploration.From the perspective of ideology,the early western Marxists,represented by young lukacs,Cole and Gramsci,turned to class consciousness.On the basis of confirming the proletarian consciousness as the main force of the revolution,the early western Marxism sent the future of proletarian revolution to the ideological struggle.Because of the neglect of the material premise of the revolution,the way of the concept revolution confirmed by the early western Marxists was reduced to a kind of"utopia"redemption.