一词多义的原型范畴化认知及其翻译策略

Translation Strategy for Polysemy Based on Cognitive Prototype Category Theory

认知语言学的原型范畴化理论把一词多义看成是原型义项经过隐喻或转喻生成的多个边缘义项。针对一词多义在语言翻译中产生的困难,本文总结了原型范畴化认知理论影响下的一词多义的定义、产生根源和产生模式。针对翻译过程中,一词多义经常受到语境效果弱、语义频率低和边缘义项难的影响,本文提出三点应对方法:首先,译者首先应该顺应语境需求,进行子义项的选择。其次,译者必须接受认知语言学的语义动态观,灵活处理在新的语境中出现的多义单词。最后,译者应扩大知识面,加强对边缘义项了解和推测能力。

According to cognitive prototype category theory,the polysemy is regarded as the prototype meaning with multiple fringe meanings extended from metaphor and metonymy.To reduce mistakes in polysemic translation,this paper firstly reviews the definition,origination and developing model of polysemy.Then,based on the cognitive prototype category theory,the writer presents3approaches to deal with the difficulty confronted in polysemic translation with respective examples:first,translators should choose the meaning in the context;second,translators should accept the dynamic concept of cognitive semantics and translate the polysemic words flexibly in the new context;third,translators should broaden their horizon to know the fringe meanings in related areas.