水下爆炸致兔急性肺损伤的实验研究

Experimental study of acute lung injury in rabbits by underwater blast

目的构建水下爆炸致急性肺损伤动物模型,研究致伤机制,分析早期死亡原因,为临床诊治水下急性肺损伤提供实验数据。方法选择新西兰兔30只,雌雄不限,质量(2.04±0.35)kg;随机分为实验组、对照组两组,每组15只。实验组爆炸源与致伤动物的距离为1.8m,对照组不做爆炸。伤后0、4、12、24h采集血液,24h放血处死,采集支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)及肺组织标本,测定肺湿干重比(W/D),测量伤后0、4、12、24h呼吸频率,并行血气分析,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)方法测定血液、BALF中白细胞介素8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α),光镜下观察肺HE染色切片病理学变化。结果实验组伤后0、4h呼吸频率较对照组增快(P<0.05),伤后24h Pa O2低于对照组(P<0.05);实验组血液及BALF中IL-8、TNF-α均较对照组升高(P<0.05),实验组W/D也明显高于对照组(P<0.05);光镜下见肺泡结构破坏,肺间质及肺泡腔水肿、出血,粒细胞浸润。结论实验组能较好地模拟水下爆炸肺损伤特点,结果重复性好,能作为水下爆炸肺损伤的动物模型。

Objective To establish a rabbit model of underwater blast induced acute lung injury(ubALI)and to investigate the related mechanisms.MethodsThirty rabbits(weighing(204±035)kg)were randomly divided into two groups:control group(no injury)and experimental group(explode at18meters).The respiratory rate(RR)and arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2)were assayed at0,4,12,24h after injury.The expression of interleukin8(IL8),tumor necrosis factorα(TNFα)in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and blood samples were measured by ELISA.Morphological changes of tissues were detected by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining,and pulmonary edema was determined by the wet dry method.ResultsUbALI significantly increased RR at0and4h,and reduced PaO2at24h(P<005).UbALI significantly increased the levels of IL8and TNFαin both BALF and blood samples(P<005).The water content in the lung markedly increased,and pulmonary edema and granulocyte infiltration were observed in lung tissues after ubALI.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that we have created a reliable and reproducible ubALI model in rabbits.This model will be helpful for studying the mechanisms of ubALI and developing strategies for clinical treatment.