冬季环剥对贵妃红荔枝叶片营养及成花的影响

Effects of girdling in winter on Guifeihong litchi leaf nutrition and flower formation

【目的】探讨冬季环剥对贵妃红荔枝末次梢叶片生长及花穗抽生的影响,为制定贵妃红荔枝高效栽培管理措施提供参考依据。【方法】冬季对10年生贵妃红荔枝树进行环剥处理,分析其末次梢叶片氮、磷、钾元素和叶绿素含量及花穗抽生状况。【结果】环剥处理后第15、30、45和60 d检测,发现贵妃红荔枝末次梢叶片的氮和磷元素含量均显著低于未环剥对照(CK)(P<0.05,下同);第15 d钾元素含量显著低于CK,第30、45和60 d钾元素含量与CK无显著差异(P>0.05,下同),第75 d钾元素含量显著高于CK;第45、60和75 d总叶绿素含量显著低于CK;经环剥处理后花穗抽生率和花穗宽度比CK高,花穗长度比CK短,但差异不显著。【结论】冬季环剥能有效抑制贵妃红荔枝冬梢生长,促进花芽分化,提高花穗抽生率,可作为实现贵妃红荔枝丰产、稳产的有效技术措施推广应用。

【Objective】This studied was conducted to find out the effects of girdling in winter on Guifeihong litchi last shoot leaf growth and flower cluster growth in winter in order to provide reference for efficient cultivation management of Guifeihong litchi.【Method】Girdling was conducted on10-year Guifeihong litchi trees in winter,flower cluster growth and contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and chlorophyll in last shoot leaf of girdled Guifeihong litchi trees were analyzed.【Result】The results showed that the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in Guifeihong litchi last shoot leaves was significantly lower than that in CK15,30,45and60d after girdling(P<0.05,the same below).The content of potassium was significantly lower than that in CK15d after girdling,and it was not significantly different from that of CK30,45and60d after girdling(P>0.05,the same below),but significantly higher than that of CK75d after girdling.Total chlorophyll content was significantly lower than that of CK45,60and75d after girdling.Compared with CK,flower cluster growth rate of girdled Guifeihong litchi trees were higher,width of flower cluster larger,and length of flower cluster shorter,but the difference was not significant.【Conclusion】Girdling in winter can effectively inhibit the growth of Guifeihong litchi winter shoots,promote flower bud differentiation,and increase flower cluster growth rate.Therefore,it can be promoted as an effective measure to realize high and stable yield of Guifeihong litchi.