78例门诊静脉注射头孢菌抗生素致不良反应的观察及护理

Observation and nursing of adverse reactions caused by intravenous injection of cephalosporin antibiotics in78outpatients

目的了解门诊头孢菌素类抗生素使用情况，探讨患者不良反应情况及护理效果。方法选取重庆两江新区第一人民医院门诊2016年1月～2017年6月收治的78例静脉注射头孢菌抗生素致不良反应患者，依据其护理方法均分为2组，每组39例。对照组采用常规护理，观察组采用针对性护理；将患者的各项临床数据详细整理后作回顾性分析。结果过敏反应41例（52.6%）、神经性反应17例（21.8%）、胃肠道反应11例（14.1%）、其他反应9例（11.5%）；观察组HAMA与HAMD评分低于对照组，护理效果优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论静脉注射头孢菌抗生素极易致患者产生过敏、神经性、胃肠道以及其他不良反应，患者经针对性护理后心理状态稳定，护理效果佳。

Objective To understand the use of cephalosporins in outpatient department,and to explore the adverse reactions and nursing effect.Methods78cases of adverse reactions induced by intravenous injection of cephalosporin antibiotics in our clinic from January2016to June2017,were divide into two groupsaccording to the nursing methods,with39cases in each group.The control group was treated with routine nursing,the observation group was treatedwith targeted nursing.The patients with clinical data were retrospectively analyzed after finishing.Results Allergic reactions occurred in41cases(52.6%),nerve reaction in17cases(21.8%),gastrointestinal reaction in11cases(14.1%),and other reactions in9cases(11.5%).The scores of HAMA and HAMD in observation group were lower than those in control group,the nursing effect was better than that of control group,the difference were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Intravenous injection of cephalosporin antibiotics extremely easily cause allergic,neurological,gastrointestinal and other adverse reactions.After targeted nursing,the psychological state is stable,and the nursing effect is good.