论我国环境权利可诉的实现

On the Realization of Environmental Right's Actionability in China

我国环境权利可诉实现的现状表现为:环境权利纠纷解决诉讼渠道不畅、私权救济方式对环境权利损害救济不足。究其原因,既有因政治问题不可诉形成的政治难点,也有因环境权利立法缺失、宪法司法化不能、具体环境权利实现障碍所形成的法律难点。随着可诉性理论的成熟,将国家行为混同于政治问题的困境将逐渐化解,政治问题的司法化范围将随之扩大。破解环境权利可诉实现的法律难点需要立法理念的提升。在制度设计上,宪法诉讼是我国环境权利可诉实现的根本路径,应通过行政法路径积极推动环境权利的宪法诉讼,同时通过私法有限度的实现环境权利的可诉,完善环境公益诉讼制度。

The current situation regarding environmental right in China features obstacles in litigation to solve disputes over environmental rights and inadequate relief for environmental right damages through the method of private right relief.This is because of the political difficulty caused by the fact that political problems are not actionable;there are also legal difficulties due to absence of environment right legislation,the inability of constitutional judicialization,and barriers in the realization of specific environmental rights.The maturity of the theory of actionability has gradually dissolved the predicament of mixing state behaviors with political issues and the scope of judicialized political issues will be expanded.The realization of environmental right's actionability requires an enhancement of the legislative concept.To realize the actionability,constitutional litigation is the fundamental approach;administrative law may help promote the constitutional litigation;private law may have some limited effect;and non-profit environmental litigation system needs further improvement.